Moscow-Washington Red Phone Hotline Established: Avoiding Nuclear War
A direct communication line known as the "red telephone" springs up between Washington and Moscow immediately after the Cuban Missile Crisis exposes the dangers of delayed messages during nuclear standoffs. This link forces leaders to bypass bureaucratic bottlenecks, allowing them to de-escalate future crises before they spiral out of control.
June 20, 1963
63 years ago
Key Figures & Places
What Else Happened on June 20
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The War of the Sicilian Vespers started with a bell. Easter Monday, 1282 — Sicilians massacred thousands of French soldiers in a single night, then handed the i…
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