Last Guillotine Falls: France Ends Execution by Blade

Bishops across Visigothic Gaul gathered at the Council of Agde to codify forty-seven canons governing church discipline and clerical conduct. By standardizing r…

Pope Urban II convened seventy bishops and twelve abbots at the first synod in Melfi to enforce new church laws and mend ties with the Greek Orthodox Church. Th…

John the Fearless earned his nickname at the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, where his reckless cavalry charge contributed to a catastrophic crusader defeat. He su…

Constantinople in 1509 was still recovering from Ottoman conquest when the earth hit it with what survivors called 'The Lesser Judgment Day.' The earthquake — e…

Thomas Wolsey was the son of an Ipswich butcher who became the most powerful man in England after Henry VIII. His investiture as Cardinal in 1515 capped a rise …

English forces crushed the Scottish army at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, utilizing superior naval artillery and cavalry to secure a brutal victory. This rout fo…