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Alfred Nobel

Historical Figure

Alfred Nobel

1833–1896

Swedish chemist and inventor (1833–1896)

Industrial Revolution

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Biography

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer, and businessman. He is known for inventing dynamite, as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes. He also made several other important contributions to science, holding 355 patents during his life.

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In Their Own Words (5)

Timeline

The story of Alfred Nobel, told in moments.

Legacy

Held 355 patents. Never married. Wrote poetry no one read. The man who invented dynamite is remembered not for destruction but for the prizes that bear his name. The first Nobel Prizes are awarded in 1901, five years after his death.

1864 Event

His younger brother Emil and four others are killed in a nitroglycerin explosion at the family factory in Heleneborg, Stockholm. Alfred is 30. He doesn't stop working with the substance. He finds a way to tame it.

1867 Event

Patents dynamite. The trick: mixing nitroglycerin with diatomaceous earth makes it stable enough to handle. Mining, tunneling, and construction are transformed overnight. So is warfare.

1888 Life

A French newspaper mistakes his brother Ludvig's death for his own and publishes the headline: "The merchant of death is dead." Nobel reads his own obituary. He is shaken by how the world sees him.

1895 Event

Signs his final will in Paris, leaving 94% of his fortune (31 million Swedish kronor, about $265 million today) to fund annual prizes in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. His family contests the will. They lose.

1896 Death

Dies of a cerebral hemorrhage at his villa in San Remo, Italy. He is 63. Alone.

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