Charles II

King Charles III of Naples and Hungary is assassinated at Buda.

The claimant King Charles II of England and Scotland is declared King of Great Britain, by the Parliament of Scotland. This move was not followed by the Parliament of England nor the Parliament of Ireland.

Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared. In 1660, the English Interregnum ended when the monarchy was restored to Charles's son, Charles II.

Third English Civil War: In the Battle of Dunbar, English Parliamentarian forces led by Oliver Cromwell defeat an army loyal to King Charles II of England and led by David Leslie, Lord Newark.

Elector Palatine, German husband of Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark (d. 1685)

Third English Civil War: Battle of Worcester: Charles II of England is defeated in the last main battle of the war.

English Restoration: Charles II is restored to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of Great Britain promises, among other things, a general pardon to all royalists and opponents of the monarchy for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum.

Charles II of England sells Dunkirk to France for 40,000 pounds.

The Province of Carolina is granted by charter to eight Lords Proprietor in reward for their assistance in restoring Charles II of England to the throne.

In Dover, England, Charles II of Great Britain and Louis XIV of France sign the secret treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.

King Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, granting limited religious freedom to all Christians.