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John D. Rockefeller

Historical Figure

John D. Rockefeller

1874–1937

American financier and philanthropist (1874–1960)

Victorian Era

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Biography

John Davison Rockefeller Jr. was an American financier and philanthropist. Rockefeller was the fifth child and only son of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller. He was involved in the development of the vast office complex in Midtown Manhattan known as Rockefeller Center, making him one of the largest real estate holders in the city at that time. Towards the end of his life, he was famous for his philanthropy, donating over $500 million to a wide variety of different causes, including educational establishments. Among his projects was the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. He was widely blamed for having orchestrated the Ludlow Massacre and other offenses during the Colorado Coalfield War. Rockefeller was the father of six children: Abby, John III, Nelson, Laurance, Winthrop, and David.

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In Their Own Words (5)

Timeline

The story of John D. Rockefeller, told in moments.

1870 Event

Incorporates Standard Oil of Ohio. He's 30. Within a decade, he'll control 90% of American oil refining through a web of trusts, secret railroad rebates, and relentless acquisition. He doesn't drill for oil. He refines it, ships it, and sets the price.

1911 Event

The Supreme Court breaks Standard Oil into 34 companies under the Sherman Antitrust Act. The irony: the breakup makes him richer. His shares in the successor companies are worth more separately than together. ExxonMobil, Chevron, and BP all trace back to Standard Oil.

1913 Event

Creates the Rockefeller Foundation with $100 million. Roughly $3 billion in today's money. He'd already funded the University of Chicago and medical research. The Foundation will eradicate hookworm in the American South and fund the Green Revolution.

1916 Life

His net worth crosses $1 billion. He's the first person to reach that number. Adjusted for the economy's size, he may be the richest American who ever lived. He gives dimes to strangers on the street.

1937 Death

Dies in Ormond Beach, Florida, at 97. He'd built his first refinery in Cleveland at 23. His daily routine in old age: golf, Bible study, and handing out dimes. He left behind a fortune that still funds museums, universities, and medical research.

Artifacts (1)

Design for Landau, No. 4079

Brewster & Co.|John D. Rockefeller|Herman Stahmer

1890 · Pen and black ink, watercolor and gouache with gum arabic
The Met View

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