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Suleiman the Magnificent

Historical Figure

Suleiman the Magnificent

1495–1566

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1520–1566)

Late Medieval

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Biography

Suleiman I, commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent, was the Ottoman sultan from 1520 to 1566. The longest-reigning Ottoman sultan, his rule brought about a notable peak in the Ottoman Empire's economic, military and political power, and raised the number of the empire's subjects to at least 25 million people.

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In Their Own Words (2)

Timeline

The story of Suleiman the Magnificent, told in moments.

1521 Event

Captures Belgrade. The fortress had resisted Ottoman sieges for 70 years. He's 26. The following year he takes Rhodes from the Knights Hospitaller after a five-month siege. Christian Europe starts paying attention.

1526 Event

Destroys the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohacs. King Louis II of Hungary drowns fleeing the field. Hungary is partitioned. Most of it becomes Ottoman territory. The battle lasts about two hours.

1534 Event

Marries Hurrem, a former slave from Ruthenia. She's the first concubine an Ottoman sultan has formally married in centuries. She becomes his chief advisor. Her influence reshapes the court and ushers in the era historians call the Sultanate of Women.

1550 Life

At the peak of his power. The empire stretches from Algeria to Iraq, from Hungary to Yemen. 25 million subjects. His chief architect Sinan builds the Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul. Suleiman writes poetry under the pen name Muhibbi. He goldsmiths. The Ottomans call his era their Golden Age.

1566 Death

Dies in his tent during the siege of Szigetvar, Hungary. He is 71. His death is hidden from the army for 48 days to prevent panic. His body is carried back to Istanbul. The longest-reigning Ottoman sultan. His son Selim II inherits an empire that has already begun to crack.

Artifacts (2)

Tughra (Insignia) of Sultan Süleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–66)

ca. 1555–60 · Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper
The Met View

Tughra (Insignia) of Sultan Süleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–66)

ca. 1555–60 · Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper
The Met View

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