August 3

Deaths

422 deaths recorded on August 3 throughout history

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Medieval 30

908

Burchard

Burchard, Duke of Thuringia, fell in battle against the Hungarians in 908, part of the devastating Magyar raids that terrorized central Europe in the early tenth century. His death and the collapse of Thuringian resistance demonstrated how vulnerable the fractured Carolingian successor states were to the mounted nomadic warriors sweeping in from the east.

908

Rudolf I

He didn't die in prayer or peaceful retirement — Rudolf I of Würzburg was killed in battle against Magyar raiders, sword in hand, at a time when bishops were expected to fight alongside their counts. The Magyars had been terrorizing East Francia for years, and Rudolf chose the field over the altar. His death at 908 left Würzburg scrambling for leadership during one of the most dangerous decades the region would face. A bishop who died like a soldier got buried like a saint.

925

Cao

She outlived three emperors. Cao served as empress dowager during the chaotic final years of the Later Tang dynasty, watching warlords carve up what remained of a fractured China. She'd navigated court politics sharp enough to cut steel, surviving power shifts that killed men twice as calculating. When she died in 925, the dynasty itself had fewer than eight years left. But Cao endured long enough to see her son rule. Sometimes surviving is the only victory that counts.

979

Thietmar

He ruled a frontier territory so violent that fortified churches doubled as military strongpoints. Thietmar, Margrave of Meissen, died in 979 after carving order out of the Slavic borderlands east of the Elbe — a job that killed men fast. He'd spent years holding ground the Ottonian empire needed but couldn't easily defend. His son, the chronicler Thietmar of Merseburg, would later document these same brutal borderlands in extraordinary detail. The margrave's wars became his son's words.

998

Hildebold, Bischof von Worms

1003

At-Ta'i

He didn't abdicate — he was stripped. In 991, Abbasid caliph At-Ta'i was physically forced from power by the Buyid commander Baha' ad-Dawla, who simply walked into the palace and removed him. At-Ta'i spent his final twelve years as a prisoner in Baghdad, watching a successor occupy his throne while he lived. The caliphate he'd held since 974 had been a performance anyway — real power sat with the Buyids. He died confined, but the Abbasid line continued another 258 years.

1030

Sancha, esposa del rey Sancho VI de Navarra (n.

Sancha, esposa del rey Sancho VI de Navarra (n. s. X.).

1181

Alejandro III, papa italiano (n.

Alejandro III, papa italiano (n. 1100-1105).

1191

al-Kāsānī, islamischer Rechtsgelehrter

1231

Richard Grant, Erzbischof von Canterbury

1270

Johann von Damiette, Sohn des Königs Ludwig IX.

Johann von Damiette, Sohn des Königs Ludwig IX. von Frankreich und der Margarete von Provence

1290

Rudolf von Hoheneck, Erzbischof von Salzburg

1326

Roger Mortimer, 1.

Roger Mortimer, 1. Baron Mortimer of Chirk, englischer Adeliger und Rebell

1331

Otto II.

Otto II. von Woldenberg, Bischof von Hildesheim

1348

Gauscelin de Jean, französischer Kardinal der katholischen Kirche

1355

Bartholomew de Burghersh

He helped found the Order of the Garter in 1348 — one of roughly two dozen knights personally chosen by Edward III to wear the blue ribbon. Burghersh had spent decades as a soldier-diplomat, negotiating ransoms, brokering truces, and commanding troops in France. He wasn't just decorative nobility. But when he died in 1355, he left something stranger than a title: a nephew, also named Bartholomew, who'd outshine him entirely. The first baron built the foundation. The second got the glory.

1383

Wittekind von Schalksberg, Bischof von Minden

1387

Johannes von Klenedenst, Bischof von Lübeck

1387

Olav II., König von Dänemark und Norwegen

1423

Georg von Hohenlohe, Fürstbischof von Passau

1451

Elisabeth von Görlitz, Herzogin von Luxemburg

1460

James II of Scotland

James II of Scotland died at Roxburgh Castle on August 3, 1460 — killed by his own cannon. He was besieging the English-held castle and standing too close when one of his artillery pieces exploded. He was 30 years old. The cannon had been a gift from Philip the Good of Burgundy. James was fascinated by artillery; contemporaries noted how often he stood near the guns. His nine-year-old son became James III. The siege continued after the king died. The Scots took the castle anyway.

1468

Henning Iven, Bischof von Cammin

1479

Giacopo Antonio Venier, Kardinal der katholischen Kirche, Bischof von Syrakus, León und Cuenca

1486

Angelus Geraldini, Diplomat, Bischof von Sessa Aurunca und Cammin

1500s 12

1513

Ernst II.

Ernst II. von Sachsen, Erzbischof von Magdeburg und Administrator von Halberstadt

1527

Scaramuccia Trivulzio

He survived the Borgia popes, navigated the fractured politics of the Italian Wars, and died in the same year Rome itself was sacked by mutinous imperial troops. Scaramuccia Trivulzio came from one of Milan's most powerful noble families — his cousin Gian Giacomo commanded armies across Europe. Cardinal since 1517, he'd spent a decade balancing Vatican loyalty against family interests. He didn't outlive the catastrophe. The sack that killed him also gutted the Renaissance papacy's confidence. An era ended with him quietly, while the city burned loudly.

1530

Filiberto de Chalôns, príncipe francés, virrey de Nápoles (n.

Filiberto de Chalôns, príncipe francés, virrey de Nápoles (n. 1502).

1530

Francesco Ferruccio

He was already wounded when his killer leaned in close. Ferruccio had held Florence against imperial and papal forces for months, commanding the republic's last desperate resistance in 1530. Captured after the Battle of Gavinana — where he'd also lost his opposing commander, Fabrizio Maramaldo — a mercenary captain named Maramaldo personally ran him through. Ferruccio reportedly spat: "You're killing a dead man." That line outlived everything. Italians still invoke his name to shame someone who strikes the already-fallen.

1533

Johannes II.

Johannes II. Leiterbach, Abt des Zisterzienserklosters in Ebrach

1546

Étienne Dolet

They burned him with his books. Étienne Dolet, printer and Latin scholar, was strangled and then set ablaze in the Place Maubert in Paris — the authorities making sure his own publications fed the flames. His crime? Translating a Plato dialogue in a way suggesting the soul didn't survive death. He'd already escaped execution once in 1542. Wasn't so lucky twice. The printing press had given dangerous ideas mobility. Dolet became the first printer martyred for what his press produced.

1546

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

He never finished his masterpiece. Antonio da Sangallo the Younger spent the last two decades of his life obsessed with rebuilding St. Peter's Basilica in Rome — and built an enormous wooden scale model so detailed it took eleven years to construct. Then he died with the dome unbuilt. Michelangelo, his bitter rival, immediately took over and scrapped most of his design. That wooden model still exists in the Vatican today, a ghost of the basilica Rome almost got.

1553

Thomas Atzersen, deutscher Pfarrer

1559

Andreas von Barby, dänischer Politiker und Bischof von Lübeck

1564

Rupa Goswami, escritor religioso bengalí (n.

Rupa Goswami, escritor religioso bengalí (n. 1493).

1573

William Kirkcaldy of Grange, schottischer Politiker und Feldherr

1599

Elisabeth Strupp, Opfer der Hexenverfolgungen in Gelnhausen

1600s 21

1604

Bernardino de Mendoza

He went blind before he died, but that didn't stop him. Bernardino de Mendoza had been expelled from England in 1584 for plotting against Elizabeth I — the first ambassador ever thrown out of London for espionage. France kicked him out next. He spent his final years dictating military treatises from memory, his 1577 book on tactics still circulating in armies across Europe. A man banned from two kingdoms left behind the era's most-read manual on how to fight a war.

1614

Francisco I, aristócrata italiano (n.

Francisco I, aristócrata italiano (n. 1558).

1616

Hans Meinhard von Schönberg, deutscher Feldobrister und Hofmeister

1619

Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland, englische Adelige

1621

Guillaume du Vair

Guillaume du Vair died in Tonneins, France in 1621. He had been Bishop of Lisieux and a prominent Stoic philosopher — his treatise on constancy was read widely in an era when religious wars made philosophical calm a survival strategy. He served Henry IV and Louis XIII as a royal councilor and eventually became Keeper of the Seals. Du Vair believed that interior virtue could survive exterior chaos. He lived through the Wars of Religion and the assassination of two kings. His philosophy was tested and, by his own account, it held.

1621

Anna Caterina Gonzaga, Prinzessin von Mantua und Montferrat, Fürstin von Tirol

1632

Josua Stegmann, deutscher Theologe und Kirchenliederdichter

1634

Adam Philipp XI.

Adam Philipp XI. von Cronberg, hessischer Reichsgraf und kaiserlicher Generalwachtmeister

1638

Philipp Moritz von Hanau-Münzenberg, Graf von Hanau-Münzenberg

1645

Franz von Mercy, deutscher Feldherr in Diensten der Katholischen Liga

1656

Giangiacomo Teodoro Trivulzio, italienischer Kardinal und Politiker

1664

Jacopo Vignali, pintor florentino (n.

Jacopo Vignali, pintor florentino (n. 1592).

1667

Francesco Borromini, arquitecto y escultor italiano (n.

Francesco Borromini, arquitecto y escultor italiano (n. 1599).

1667

Francesco Borromini

He didn't die from illness or old age — Borromini ran himself through with his own sword. Sleepless, depressed, and convinced his rivals had stolen everything, he grabbed the blade after a servant refused to bring him a light to read by. He was 68. His twisted, almost hallucinatory churches — San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane fits inside a single pillar of St. Peter's — outlasted every enemy he'd ever had. His great rival Bernini died 13 years later still living in Borromini's shadow.

1671

Antonio Barberini, cardinal italien, archevêque de Reims (° 1607).

1680

Tomáš Pešina z Čechorodu, tschechischer Historiker und Schriftsteller

1683

Georg Rimpler, Festungsbauer und Mineur im deutschsprachigen Raum

1686

Anna Margarete, Prinzessin von Hessen-Homburg und Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg

1688

Christian Dreier, deutscher lutherischer Theologe

1690

Gottfried Meisner, deutscher evangelischer Theologe

1692

Hugh Mackay, schottischer General

1700s 23

1702

Antonio Porta, italienischer Baumeister, Architekt und Bauunternehmer

1711

Tobias Holländer, Vogtherr, Ratsherr, Säckelmeister, Gesandter und Bürgermeister der Stadt Schaffhausen

1712

Joshua Barnes

Joshua Barnes died in Cambridge in 1712, a classical scholar whose life was consumed by Euripides. He produced what was then considered the definitive edition of Euripides's complete works — published in 1694 after years of textual work. His contemporaries were divided on him: some thought his learning was genuine, others thought he was credulous and prone to error. He also wrote a biography of Edward III that mixed serious history with near-hagiography. Scholars argued about his editions for a century after his death. The Euripides text was eventually superseded. They all are.

1713

Johann Caspar de Gabrieli, deutscher Stuckateur

1715

Conrad von Rosen, livländischer General in französischen Diensten, Marschall von Frankreich

1716

Sebastián Durón, spanischer Organist und Komponist

1719

Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths, Fürstbischof von Würzburg, Herzog in Franken

1720

Anthonie Heinsius

Anthonie Heinsius died in The Hague in 1720. He had been Grand Pensionary of Holland — effectively the most powerful official in the Dutch Republic — for 28 years, guiding the country through the War of the Spanish Succession alongside Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy. He'd been the diplomatic counterweight to Louis XIV's ambitions. By the time he died, the Dutch Republic's era of dominance was largely over. He held the position until he was nearly 80. They didn't push him out. He simply served until he didn't.

1721

Grinling Gibbons

Gibbons carved fruit, flowers, fish, game birds, and musical instruments in limewood with a delicacy that shouldn't have been possible from wood. His work is in Windsor Castle, Hampton Court, Petworth House, and St. Paul's Cathedral. He could carve a pea pod that opened. Individual peas inside. The pods are still there, in churches and palaces, after three hundred years. He was born in Rotterdam and spent his life in England making things so beautiful that patrons competed to house them. Christopher Wren recommended him to Charles II. Charles hired him immediately.

1745

Johann Paul Schilck, österreichischer Steinmetz und Bildhauer

1748

Christian Carl Gabel, dänischer Vizeadmiral

1753

Maria Gertraude Schmidt, deutsche Magd und Kindsmörderin

1757

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach

1761

Johann Matthias Gesner

Johann Matthias Gesner died in Göttingen in 1761. He had spent his career as a classical philologist — editing Quintilian, compiling a massive Latin dictionary, and reorganizing the Thomasschule in Leipzig before it came under Johann Sebastian Bach. Gesner actually knew Bach, who taught at the school while Gesner was rector. He reportedly described Bach's organ playing in one of his Latin commentaries on Quintilian — an aside that became one of the few contemporary descriptions of Bach at work. Gesner died as a footnote to a musician.

1770

Guillaume-François Rouelle, französischer Chemiker

1772

Andrés Piquer, médico y filósofo español (n.

Andrés Piquer, médico y filósofo español (n. 1711).

1773

Stanisław Konarski

Stanisław Konarski died in Warsaw in 1773. He had spent his career trying to modernize Poland — its schools, its law, its political culture. The liberum veto, which allowed any single nobleman to dissolve the Polish parliament and nullify all its decisions, had been paralyzing the country for a century. Konarski wrote against it. He founded schools based on Enlightenment principles. He pushed for constitutional reform. The reforms he advocated were finally codified in the Constitution of May 3, 1791 — eighteen years after his death. He didn't live to see it. Poland was partitioned the following year anyway.

1780

Étienne Bonnot de Condillac

He built an entire theory of human knowledge on a statue. Condillac's famous thought experiment gave his imaginary marble figure one sense at a time — first smell, then taste — watching how a full conscious mind assembled itself from nothing. No soul required. Just sensation stacking on sensation. The idea rattled Enlightenment Paris and quietly shaped how later thinkers understood memory, attention, and desire. He died at 65 in Flux, France. His statue never moved. But the minds it influenced did.

1784

Giovanni Battista Martini, italienischer Komponist und Musiktheoretiker

1792

Richard Arkwright

He couldn't read properly until his thirties. Richard Arkwright, the man who mechanized cotton spinning and built Britain's first water-powered mills, taught himself literacy as an adult while simultaneously constructing an industrial empire. His Cromford Mill in Derbyshire employed children as young as seven on overnight shifts. By 1782, he was worth over half a million pounds. He died knighted, the first industrialist to receive that honor. Behind him: a factory system that reshaped every working life that followed.

1795

Jerry Abershawe, englischer Straßenräuber

1796

Johann Jakob Faesch, Schweizer Offizier in niederländischen Diensten, Kaufmann, Plantagenbesitzer in Suriname und Pol…

Johann Jakob Faesch, Schweizer Offizier in niederländischen Diensten, Kaufmann, Plantagenbesitzer in Suriname und Politiker

1797

Jeffery Amherst

Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst died at age 80, ending a career defined by his command during the French and Indian War. His brutal tactics, including the distribution of smallpox-infected blankets to Indigenous tribes, solidified his reputation as a ruthless strategist. This legacy of violence continues to complicate his historical standing in both Britain and North America.

1800s 55

1800

Friedrich Gilly, preußischer Baumeister

1800

Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, deutscher Musiker

1802

Heinrich von Preußen, preußischer Prinz und General

1802

Carl Adolph von Brühl, preußischer General und Prinzenerzieher

1804

Christoph Andreae, deutscher Unternehmer

1805

Christopher Anstey

He wrote one book that mattered, and it made him famous overnight. Christopher Anstey's *New Bath Guide* — a 1766 comic poem mocking the social circus of Bath's spa culture — sold out immediately and ran through edition after edition. He'd spent years as a quiet Cambridgeshire gentleman before that single satirical burst changed everything. Jane Austen read it. Smollett borrowed from it. But Anstey never matched it again. Thirty-nine years of silence followed that one brilliant joke at society's expense.

1806

Michel Adanson, naturalista francés (n.

Michel Adanson, naturalista francés (n. 1727).

1819

Simon Knéfacz

Simon Knefacz spent decades as a Franciscan monk in Croatia, writing theological and devotional works in Latin and Croatian. His scholarship contributed to the preservation of religious literary traditions in the Croatian-speaking Franciscan communities of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

1823

María de los Remedios de Escalada, esposa del general argentino José de San Martín (n.

María de los Remedios de Escalada, esposa del general argentino José de San Martín (n. 1797).

1824

Augustin Monneron, französischer Unternehmer, Politiker und Bankier

1827

Lorenz Leopold Haschka, österreichischer Lyriker

1833

Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras, arquitecto, pintor y grabador mexicano (n.

Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras, arquitecto, pintor y grabador mexicano (n. 1759).

1835

Wenzel Müller

He wrote over 230 stage works, yet Wenzel Müller couldn't read orchestral scores until his mid-twenties. He taught himself conducting by watching others from the pit. For decades he ran the Leopoldstadt Theatre in Vienna — a working-class house where laborers and servants heard his music nightly. Beethoven reportedly attended his shows not as a critic, but as a fan. Müller died in Baden bei Wien in 1835, largely forgotten by serious music circles. But his tunes stuck in ordinary people's heads long after the critics moved on.

1837

Pius August in Bayern, Herzog von Bayern

1838

Nicolas Rouppe, premier bourgmestre de Bruxelles de la Belgique indépendante (° 17 avril 1768).

1839

Dorothea von Schlegel

Dorothea von Schlegel died in Frankfurt in 1839. She had been born into the Mendelssohn family — her father was the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn — divorced her first husband, lived with the Romantic writer Friedrich Schlegel for years before they married, converted from Judaism to Protestantism and then to Catholicism, and wrote the novel Florentin, published in 1801. She translated medieval French literature and co-wrote with her husband. Her own literary identity was largely subsumed into his during his lifetime. The twentieth century started recovering it.

1843

Fabrizio Sceberras Testaferrata, maltesischer Geistlicher, Bischof von Senigallia, Kardinal

1846

Kaspar Maximilian Droste zu Vischering, deutscher Geistlicher, Bischof von Münster

1848

Edward Baines, britischer Publizist und Parlamentsmitglied

1850

Rafael de Vélez, prelado y apologista español (n.

Rafael de Vélez, prelado y apologista español (n. 1777).

1850

Joseph van der Giese, deutscher Dichter in Dürener Mundart

1853

Georg von Sachsen-Altenburg, deutscher Adliger

1857

Eugène Sue

Eugène Sue died in Annecy in 1857, an exile. He had been one of the most widely read novelists in France — his serialized novel The Mysteries of Paris ran in a daily newspaper in 1842-43 and was consumed by hundreds of thousands of readers, including workers who'd never read a novel before. Marx and Engels read it. The story followed an aristocrat who disguised himself to investigate the slums. Sue became a socialist deputy in 1850 after Louis-Napoleon's coup expelled him from France. He died abroad, enormously famous and politically finished.

1860

Alexander Schöppner, deutscher Pädagoge und Schriftsteller

1866

Friedrich Karl Hermann Kruse, deutscher Historiker

1866

Gábor Klauzál

Gabor Klauzal served as Hungary's first Minister of Agriculture during the revolutionary government of 1848, helping shape agricultural policy during one of the country's most turbulent political periods. His political career spanned the reformist era of Hungarian nationalism within the Habsburg Empire.

1867

Philipp August Böckh

He spent forty years lecturing at the University of Berlin — the same chair, the same room — while single-handedly cataloguing every ancient Greek inscription ever found. Over 10,000 of them. Böckh's *Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum* didn't just organize old stone carvings; it handed archaeologists a working language for reading entire civilizations from rubble. He trained generations of classical scholars who'd reshape how universities taught antiquity. The man who made ancient Greek permanent died in 1867. The *Corpus* outlived him by decades. Still does.

1868

Ludwig von Alvensleben, deutscher Schriftsteller

1870

Pompejus Bolley, deutscher Chemiker

1872

William Davies Evans, ajedrecista británico (n.

William Davies Evans, ajedrecista británico (n. 1790).

1872

Carl Devrient, deutscher Theaterschauspieler

1873

Faustino I, militar y emperador haitiano (n.

Faustino I, militar y emperador haitiano (n. 1782).

1874

Hans Ferdinand Maßmann, deutscher Pädagoge

1875

Heinrich Dreber, deutscher Maler

1876

Theodor Reuning, Staatsbeamter im Königreich Sachsen, MdR

1877

William B. Ogden

William B. Ogden transformed Chicago from a muddy frontier outpost into a commercial powerhouse by championing the city’s first railroad and dredging the Chicago River. As the city’s inaugural mayor, he established the infrastructure that allowed Chicago to dominate Midwestern trade, ensuring its rapid expansion into a global industrial hub long after his death.

1879

Joseph Severn

He outlived his most famous friend by 58 years — and never really got over it. Joseph Severn sat with John Keats through every suffocating night of that Roman winter, watching the poet die of tuberculosis in a tiny apartment above the Spanish Steps in 1821. He sketched Keats sleeping just hours before the end. Severn requested burial beside him in the Protestant Cemetery, and they honored it. Two graves, side by side, just outside Rome's ancient Aurelian Wall — the painter defined entirely by one winter he couldn't forget.

1881

William Fargo, US-amerikanischer Post-, Bahn- und Transportunternehmer

1881

Charles Heaphy, britischer Landvermesser in Neuseeland

1884

Paul Abadie, französischer Baumeister und Restaurator

1885

León Colina, político, militar y presidente venezolano (n.

León Colina, político, militar y presidente venezolano (n. 1829).

1886

Hubert Jules César Zuber, médecin militaire français (° 15 mai 1847).

1886

Hans Conzett, Schweizer Buchdrucker und Politiker

1889

Félix Pyat, französischer Schriftsteller und Politiker

1890

Georg Heinrich Bacmeister, hannoveranischer Politiker, Minister, Ministerpräsident

1890

Louise-Victorine Ackermann, poétesse française (° 30 novembre 1813).

1890

Ludwig Barth zu Barthenau, österreichischer Chemiker

1892

August Nauck, deutscher Altphilologe

1894

Giovanni Airoldi, Schweizer Jurist und Politiker

1894

Karl Maximilian von Bauernfeind, deutscher Ingenieur und Geodät

1894

George Inness

He collapsed on the street in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, watching a sunset — which, for a man who spent 50 years painting light, was either poetic or devastating, depending on how you look at it. Inness had rejected sharp-edged Hudson River School landscapes for something murkier, more felt than seen. His late paintings barely hold their shapes together. He left behind over 1,000 canvases and a direct line to American Tonalism. The man chased transcendence his whole life and died staring at the thing he'd been painting all along.

1896

Franziska Jarke, deutsche Schriftstellerin

1897

Marie Seebach, deutsche Schauspielerin und Opernsängerin

1898

Karl Knies, deutscher Ökonom

1898

Charles Garnier, arquitecto francés (n.

Charles Garnier, arquitecto francés (n. 1825).

1900s 144

1902

August Klughardt, deutscher Komponist und Dirigent

1908

Edward Whitford Greenman, US-amerikanischer Politiker

1911

Edward Murphy junior, US-amerikanischer Politiker

1911

Reinhold Begas, escultor y pintor alemán (n.

Reinhold Begas, escultor y pintor alemán (n. 1831).

1913

William Lyne

William Lyne served as the 13th Premier of New South Wales and was briefly considered for the role of Australia's first prime minister at Federation in 1901, but the governor-general passed him over in favor of Edmund Barton. He went on to serve in multiple federal cabinets, a career defined more by political survival than lasting legislative achievement.

1913

Friedrich Wilhelm Putzger, deutscher Pädagoge und Schulbuchautor

1914

Louis Couturat, mathématicien et logicien français (° 17 janvier 1868).

1916

Roger Casement

He was hanged as a traitor, but Roger Casement had spent years being celebrated as a hero. His undercover reports exposing Congo and Peruvian rubber atrocities — forced labor, mutilations, entire villages destroyed — earned him a knighthood in 1911. Then he tried to recruit Irish prisoners of war in Germany to fight Britain. The Crown stripped that knighthood before the noose. But they also leaked his private diaries — depicting homosexual encounters — to discredit him. The man who documented one brutality was destroyed by another government's deliberate cruelty.

1917

Ferdinand Georg Frobenius

He spent decades insisting group representation theory was purely abstract — no practical use, no application, just mathematics for its own sake. Frobenius developed character theory almost as a private obsession, building tools nobody asked for. But those "useless" tools became the backbone of quantum mechanics just years after his 1917 death. Physicists needed exactly what he'd built. He never knew. He left behind the Frobenius theorem, still taught in every graduate algebra course, still carrying the name of a man who thought usefulness was beside the point.

1918

Friedrich Wilhelm Franz Nippold, deutscher protestantischer Theologe, Kirchengeschichtler

1920

Peeter Süda

Peeter Suda was among the first generation of Estonian classical composers, writing organ works and choral pieces that drew on Estonian folk melodies. His career was cut short at 37, but his compositions helped establish a foundation for the Estonian art music tradition that later produced Arvo Part.

1922

Ture Malmgren

Ture Malmgren was a Swedish journalist and Social Democratic politician who contributed to the development of Sweden's labor press during the early twentieth century. His work helped shape the media landscape that supported the rise of Swedish social democracy.

1922

Ramón Guerra, militar y político venezolano (n.

Ramón Guerra, militar y político venezolano (n. 1841).

1922

Minna Cauer, deutsche Pädagogin und Frauenrechtlerin

1922

Matyáš Lerch, tschechischer Mathematiker

1923

Jacoba van Heemskerck, niederländische Malerin

1924

Joseph Conrad

He didn't learn English until his twenties — and he became one of the greatest writers in the language anyway. Joseph Conrad, born Józef Korzeniowski in Russian-occupied Poland, spent twenty years as a merchant sailor before writing a word of fiction. He carried a shrapnel wound from a duel he fought at 21. *Heart of Darkness*, *Lord Jim*, *The Secret Agent* — all written in his third language. He died at 66, mid-sentence on a novel he never finished.

1925

William Bruce

William Bruce died in Melbourne in 1925, having played fifteen Tests for Australia in the 1880s and 1890s. He was a left-handed batsman at a time when left-handers were uncommon enough to be a strategic consideration. Test cricket in the 1880s looked nothing like what it would become — no helmets, uncovered pitches, five-day matches, no clear distinction between amateur and professional. Bruce played through all of it. He lived to 61, which was better than several of his contemporaries managed.

1926

Diogène Maillart, peintre français (° 28 octobre 1840).

1927

Edward Titchener, psicólogo británico(n.

Edward Titchener, psicólogo británico(n. 1867).

1929

Thorstein Veblen

He coined "conspicuous consumption" while living in a one-room shack, refusing to wash dishes until he'd run out of clean ones — then he'd just hose them down in the yard. Veblen taught at four universities and got fired from every single one, usually for affairs. He died broke in that California cabin, just months before the stock market crash he'd practically predicted. The man who explained why rich people buy things they don't need couldn't afford things he did.

1929

Emile Berliner Dies: Gramophone Inventor's Legacy Endures

Emile Berliner left behind the flat disc gramophone record, an invention that replaced fragile wax cylinders and made mass production of recorded music commercially viable for the first time. His format dominated the audio industry for nearly a century, transforming home entertainment from a luxury into an everyday experience across the globe.

1929

Josef Andergassen, österreichischer Kunsttischler, Altarbauer und Bildhauer

1930

Joseph Anton Sickinger, deutscher Gymnasiallehrer, Stadtschulrat und Schulreformer

1932

Ignaz Gaugengigl, deutscher Maler

1933

Otto Stapf, botánico austríaco (n.

Otto Stapf, botánico austríaco (n. 1857).

1934

Georg Metzendorf, deutscher Architekt

1935

Lydia Rabinowitsch-Kempner, deutsche Mikrobiologin, erste Professorin der Medizin in Berlin

1935

Carl-Friedrich von Langen, deutscher Dressurreiter, Olympiasieger

1936

Fulgence Bienvenüe, inspecteur général des Ponts et Chaussées français, père du métropolitain parisien (° 27 janvier …

Fulgence Bienvenüe, inspecteur général des Ponts et Chaussées français, père du métropolitain parisien (° 27 janvier 1852).

1936

Konstantin Konik

Konstantin Konik served as Estonia's Minister of Education and was a pioneering surgeon who helped build the country's medical infrastructure during its first period of independence. He played a dual role in Estonian nation-building — advancing both public health and public education in a newly sovereign state.

1938

Emil Hochreiter, österreichischer Komponist

1939

August Enna, dänischer Musiker und Komponist

1939

Políbio Gomes dos Santos, poeta português (n.

Políbio Gomes dos Santos, poeta português (n. 1911).

1941

Albert Wahl, französischer Jurist und Hochschullehrer

1942

Richard Willstätter

He won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1915, but Richard Willstätter quit his prestigious Munich professorship in 1924 over something else entirely — antisemitism so severe he couldn't watch his colleagues stay silent anymore. He walked away from one of Germany's finest labs by choice. Then the Nazis rose, and walking wasn't enough. He fled to Switzerland in 1939, smuggled out with help from a gardener. He left behind the foundational work on chlorophyll that still shapes how scientists understand photosynthesis today.

1942

Esteban Gil Borges, político, diplomático, escritor y profesor universitario venezolano (n.

Esteban Gil Borges, político, diplomático, escritor y profesor universitario venezolano (n. 1879).

1942

Anna Lisítsyna, partisana soviética (n.

Anna Lisítsyna, partisana soviética (n. 1922).

1943

Elizabeth Webb Nicholls, sufragista australiana (n.

Elizabeth Webb Nicholls, sufragista australiana (n. 1850).

1943

Frumka Płotnicka

Frumka Plotnicka was a leader of the Jewish underground resistance in Nazi-occupied Poland, organizing escape routes and smuggling weapons into ghettos across the country. She was killed during the liquidation of the Bedzin ghetto in August 1943, fighting in a bunker alongside other members of the Dror youth movement — one of the bravest and least remembered figures of the Holocaust resistance.

1944

Jean Maridor, pilote de chasse français des FAFL (° 24 novembre 1920).

1944

Aurelia Wyleżyńska, polnische Schriftstellerin und Journalistin

1944

Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa, militar y político español (n.

Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa, militar y político español (n. 1876).

1945

Sydney Arnold, 1.

Sydney Arnold, 1. Baron Arnold, britischer Politiker

1946

Francis Newton, golfista estadounidense (n.

Francis Newton, golfista estadounidense (n. 1874).

1946

Francis Newton

Francis Newton was an American amateur golfer who competed in the early twentieth century when the sport was still largely a wealthy man's game. He played in US Amateur championships in the 1890s and 1900s without winning. He died in 1946. The historical record for figures like Newton — capable but not exceptional amateur sportsmen from a century ago — is thin.

1947

José Pardo y Barreda, político y presidente peruano (n.

José Pardo y Barreda, político y presidente peruano (n. 1864).

1949

Oskar Grether, deutscher evangelischer Theologe und Hochschullehrer

1949

Ignotus

Ignotus (Hugo Veigelsberg) edited the influential Hungarian literary journal Nyugat (West), which introduced modernist literature to Hungary in the early 20th century. His pen name, Latin for "unknown," belied his outsized influence on Hungarian literary culture between the wars.

1954

Colette

She was denied a Catholic funeral — the Church refused her. Colette, who'd written 50 books, survived two world wars from a Paris apartment, and spent her final years bedridden with arthritis, was considered too scandalous for last rites. France gave her a state funeral anyway. Thousands lined the streets of Paris in August 1954. Her apartment in the Palais-Royal, where she'd watched the courtyard from a wheelchair she called her "raft," became a site of quiet pilgrimage. The banned woman got the bigger ceremony.

1954

William Douw Lighthall, kanadischer Lyriker und Schriftsteller

1955

Willi Baumeister, pintor alemán (n.

Willi Baumeister, pintor alemán (n. 1889).

1956

Erich Schairer, deutscher Journalist und Publizist

1956

Albert Finck, deutscher Politiker, MdL, Landesminister

1958

Peter Collins

Peter Collins died at the Nürburgring on August 3, 1958. He was 26. His Ferrari had flipped on the Pflanzgarten corner — one of the fastest sections of the old circuit — and he was thrown from the car. He died in hospital that evening. Collins was considered one of the most gifted drivers of his generation, a Scuderia Ferrari favorite alongside Mike Hawthorn. Earlier that season, at the British Grand Prix, he had handed his car to Fangio, surrendering his own shot at the championship. He died before anyone could explain why.

1959

Jakob Nielsen, dänischer Mathematiker

1959

Herb Byrne

Herb Byrne played Australian rules football in the early twentieth century, competing during an era when the sport was cementing its place as the dominant code in southern Australia. He was part of a generation that helped build the game's culture before it became a fully professional enterprise.

1961

Francisco Guerra Navarro, escritor y periodista español (n.

Francisco Guerra Navarro, escritor y periodista español (n. 1909).

1961

Hilda Rix Nicholas

Hilda Rix Nicholas painted bold, luminous landscapes of rural Australia and Moroccan street scenes, working in a post-impressionist style that set her apart from her contemporaries. She exhibited in Paris before World War I, lost her mother and sister during the war, and returned to Australia to build one of the country's most distinctive bodies of landscape painting.

1961

Nicola Canali, cardinal italien de la Curie romaine (° 6 juin 1874).

1961

Giovan Battista Angioletti, italienischer Journalist und Schriftsteller

1963

Philip Graham, US-amerikanischer Verleger

1963

Karl Valentin Müller, deutscher Soziologe

1963

Signe Salén

Signe Salen was one of Sweden's early female physicians, practicing medicine at a time when women in the profession were rare and often marginalized. Her career spanned the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period of expanding access for women in Scandinavian medical education.

1964

Eduardo Cote Lamus, poeta y político colombiano (n.

Eduardo Cote Lamus, poeta y político colombiano (n. 1928).

1964

Flannery O'Connor

She wrote her last stories while lying flat on her back, too weak to sit up, propping a typewriter on her knees. Lupus had been stealing her bones since she was 25. She kept peacocks — dozens of them — at her Georgia farm, Andalusia, because she said their absurdity matched her fiction. She died at 39, with just two novels and 31 short stories finished. But "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" alone reshaped what American short fiction could do with violence and grace.

1966

Lenny Bruce

He was found on his bathroom floor with a syringe nearby, dead at 40 — but the narcotics charge that ruined him had already been thrown out in Illinois. New York convicted him anyway in 1964, after a trial that lasted six months and featured expert witnesses including Norman Mailer. He never performed again after the verdict. New York governor George Pataki pardoned him posthumously in 2003 — the first posthumous pardon in state history. The man prosecuted for obscenity is now the reason obscenity laws look the way they do.

1967

Paul Löbe, deutscher Politiker, MdR, Reichstagspräsident, MdB

1967

Frederick Zimmermann, US-amerikanischer Kontrabassist und Musikpädagoge

1968

Max Stähelin-Maeglin, Schweizer Wirtschaftsjurist, Überlebender des Untergangs der Titanic

1968

Konstantin Rokossovsky

Konstantin Rokossovsky was one of the Soviet Union's most gifted military commanders, leading the destruction of the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad and commanding the forces that liberated Warsaw and reached Berlin. Stalin had imprisoned him during the Great Purge — Rokossovsky spent three years in the Gulag having his fingernails torn out and his teeth knocked in — then pulled him out of prison and handed him an army when the Germans invaded. He won the war for a regime that had tortured him.

1968

Björn Berglund

Bjorn Berglund appeared in American and Swedish films during the 1930s and 1940s, including a role opposite Greta Garbo in Queen Christina. He represented the small cohort of Swedish actors who moved between Hollywood and Scandinavian cinema during the golden age.

1969

Alexander Mair

Alexander Mair served as the 26th Premier of New South Wales from 1939 to 1941, leading the state during the critical early years of World War II. A Country Party politician, he navigated wartime pressures before being replaced by Labor in a political shift driven by war-era anxiety.

1969

Ferdinand Poggel, deutscher Politiker

1971

Ernst Eklund

Ernst Eklund was a fixture of Swedish cinema for over four decades, appearing in more than 100 films from the silent era through the 1960s. He worked with many of Sweden's leading directors, bridging the transition from stage-trained silent film acting to modern screen performance.

1972

Giannis Papaioannou

Giannis Papaioannou composed some of the most beloved Greek popular songs of the mid-20th century, blending laiko (folk-pop) traditions with orchestral arrangements. Born in Constantinople, he carried the musical sensibility of the Greek diaspora into Athens' postwar entertainment scene.

1973

Richard Marshall

Richard Marshall died in 1973. He had served as General Douglas MacArthur's chief administrative officer throughout the Pacific campaign in World War II — the man who kept the machinery moving while MacArthur made pronouncements. He was present at the Japanese surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay in September 1945. Administrative generals rarely get monuments. They get acknowledgment in footnotes and in the memoirs of the people they served. Marshall's work was real. MacArthur's operations would have been slower without it. He died at 77, without a famous war story of his own.

1974

Joachim Ritter, deutscher Philosoph

1974

Joaquim Amat-Piniella, escritor español (n.

Joaquim Amat-Piniella, escritor español (n. 1913).

1974

Edgar Johan Kuusik

Edgar Johan Kuusik designed some of Tallinn's defining functionalist buildings in the 1930s, including the Art Hotel and various public structures. His architectural work helped give interwar Estonia a distinctly modern urban identity aligned with broader European modernist movements.

1974

Almira Sessions, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin

1975

Thomas Mouléro Djogbenou, prêtre catholique et premier prêtre du Bénin et de la sous-région ouest africaine (° 1888).

1975

Jack Molinas, US-amerikanischer Basketballspieler, Hauptfigur des NBA-Wettskandals

1975

Andreas Embirikos

Andreas Embirikos was the first Greek surrealist poet, publishing Blast Furnace in 1935 and shocking the Athenian literary establishment with automatic writing techniques learned directly from Andre Breton in Paris. He was also a practicing psychoanalyst and photographer, channeling surrealism across multiple disciplines.

1976

Waleri Michailowitsch Sablin, sowjetischer Politoffizier und Meuterer

1977

Makarios III

Archbishop Makarios III died in 1977, leaving behind a fractured Cyprus that remained divided between Greek and Turkish communities. As the nation’s first president, he navigated the volatile transition from British colonial rule to independence, balancing his dual roles as a spiritual leader and a secular statesman during a period of intense geopolitical instability.

1977

Alfred Lunt

Lunt and Lynn Fontanne were the most celebrated acting couple in American theater for four decades. They performed together so constantly and so completely that the American Theatre Wing created the Tony Award's special award category to honor them in 1970 — the Antoinette Perry Special Award for Distinguished Achievement in Theater, given to them jointly. He directed as well as performed. She refined his instincts and he amplified hers. After she retired he barely performed again. They'd been together since 1919.

1977

Wanda Achsel, deutsche Opernsängerin

1978

Catalina Bárcena, actriz española (n.

Catalina Bárcena, actriz española (n. 1888).

1979

Bertil Ohlin

He won the Nobel Prize in 1977 at age 77, sharing it with a man whose trade theories directly contradicted his own. Bertil Ohlin had spent decades explaining why countries export what they do — cheap labor, abundant resources, the math of comparative advantage — through what became the Heckscher-Ohlin model. But he wasn't just an economist. He led Sweden's Liberal Party for 23 years, losing election after election to the Social Democrats. He left behind a framework still taught in every international economics course today.

1979

Alfredo Ottaviani, cardenal católico italiano (n.

Alfredo Ottaviani, cardenal católico italiano (n. 1890).

1979

Angelos Terzakis

Angelos Terzakis wrote novels and plays that chronicled Greek life from the Byzantine era through the modern period, with works like Princess Izabo exploring the Fall of Constantinople. He served as president of the National Theatre of Greece and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

1980

Otto Eckert, deutscher Maler

1981

Marcello Casanova, italienischer Ruderer

1982

Jean Nadeau, französischer Autorennfahrer

1983

Carolyn Jones

Jones played Morticia Addams in the original 1964 Addams Family television series, which was the part that required someone to play a figure of gothic horror as a devoted wife and mother without irony. She did it perfectly, which made the comedy work. She'd been in King Creole with Elvis in 1958. She'd been in The Bachelor Party for Paddy Chayefsky. She'd been in Invasion of the Body Snatchers. And then she was Morticia for two years and Morticia followed her for the rest of her life. She died of cancer at 53.

1984

Wladimir Fjodorowitsch Tendrjakow, russischer Schriftsteller

1984

Werner Haarnagel, deutscher Archäologe

1985

Gordon Churchill (en), homme politique canadien (° 8 novembre 1898).

1986

Beryl Markham, aviadora estadounidense, primera mujer piloto que sobrevoló el océano Atlántico (n.

Beryl Markham, aviadora estadounidense, primera mujer piloto que sobrevoló el océano Atlántico (n. 1902).

1986

Otmar Emminger, deutscher Ökonom, Präsident der Deutschen Bundesbank

1987

Luso de Barros Matos, presbítero católico brasileiro (n.

Luso de Barros Matos, presbítero católico brasileiro (n. 1906).

1987

Karl Hoppe, deutscher Motorradrennfahrer

1987

Bruno Heusinger, deutscher Jurist, Präsident des Bundesgerichtshofs

1988

Tucker McGuire, US-amerikanische Schauspielerin

1989

Johannes Schöne, deutscher Fußballspieler

1989

Antonia Brico, US-amerikanische Dirigentin

1990

Betty Amann

Betty Amann died in 1990. She had been a German-American actress who worked primarily in the German silent film industry in the late 1920s, appearing in Joe May's Asphalt in 1929 — one of the last and best German silent films, made as sound was taking over. She worked in early German talkies as well. The transition broke many careers; hers adapted. She eventually moved to the United States. By the time she died, most of the films she'd made were known only to archivists and scholars of Weimar cinema.

1990

Betty Amann, actriz germano-estadounidense (n.

Betty Amann, actriz germano-estadounidense (n. 1905).

1991

Hans Auenmüller, deutscher Dirigent und Komponist

1992

Manda Parent, artiste de burlesque, actrice et humoriste québécoise (° 16 juillet 1907).

1992

Wang Hongwen

Wang Hongwen rose from a Shanghai cotton mill worker to the third-ranking member of the Chinese Communist Party as part of the Gang of Four, the radical faction that drove the Cultural Revolution's most destructive excesses. After Mao's death in 1976, he was arrested, put on trial, and sentenced to life in prison, where he died in 1992 — a spectacular rise and fall compressed into barely a decade.

1993

Lúcio Alves, cantor e compositor brasileiro (n.

Lúcio Alves, cantor e compositor brasileiro (n. 1927).

1993

Mercedes Valdivieso, escritora chilena (n.

Mercedes Valdivieso, escritora chilena (n. 1924).

1993

Swami Chinmayananda

A journalist turned monk, Chinmayananda spent his early career writing fiery political columns — then sat at the feet of Swami Sivananda and never looked back. He took Sanskrit scriptures that had stayed locked inside temple walls for centuries and lectured them in English to packed auditoriums. His Chinmaya Mission grew to over 300 centers worldwide. He died in San Diego, mid-tour, still teaching at 77. He left behind the Geeta Gyan Yagnas — mass scripture study events that brought Vedanta to people who'd never entered a monastery.

1993

Guiche Aizemberg, poeta, letrista, escritor y odontólogo argentino de origen ucraniano (n.

Guiche Aizemberg, poeta, letrista, escritor y odontólogo argentino de origen ucraniano (n. 1905).

1993

Alwyn Howard Gentry, botánico estadounidense (n.

Alwyn Howard Gentry, botánico estadounidense (n. 1945).

1993

Chinmayananda, Lehrer des modernen Hinduismus, Begründer der Chinmaya-Mission

1994

Rildia Bee Cliburn, US-amerikanische Musikpädagogin

1994

Maurice Travail, acteur français (° 17 juin 1929).

1994

Inokenti Mijailovich Smoktunovski, actor y escenógrafo soviético (n.

Inokenti Mijailovich Smoktunovski, actor y escenógrafo soviético (n. 1925).

1995

Eduardo Ruiz de Velasco, periodista español (n.

Eduardo Ruiz de Velasco, periodista español (n. 1919).

1995

Edward Whittemore

Edward Whittemore died in New York in 1995. He had been a CIA officer and, quietly, one of the most original American novelists of the second half of the twentieth century — his Jerusalem Quartet, four novels published between 1977 and 1987, built an elaborate fictional history of the Middle East around the mythical Sinai Bible. Almost nobody read the books when they appeared. They went out of print. A small press reissued them in the 2000s and they found a cult following. He'd been too strange for his own time.

1995

Ida Lupino

Lupino acted in over 50 films and then started directing them, which almost no woman in Hollywood did in the 1950s. She directed The Hitch-Hiker in 1953, a genuine noir with no female lead — just two men being terrorized by a third. Critics overlooked it. It holds up better than most noirs from that decade. She also directed Outrage, about a rape survivor, in 1950, a subject Hollywood barely touched. She ran her own production company. She did it all while continuing to act. Martin Scorsese has cited her as an influence.

1995

Marcelo Gastaldi, ator e dublador brasileiro (n.

Marcelo Gastaldi, ator e dublador brasileiro (n. 1944).

1996

Guido Alberti, acteur et homme d'affaires italien (° 20 avril 1909).

1996

Jørgen Garde

Jorgen Garde rose to Admiral and served as Chief of Defence of Denmark from 1989 to 1993, overseeing the Danish military's post-Cold War restructuring. His tenure coincided with Denmark's expanding role in NATO and international peacekeeping operations.

1997

Joan Erikson, psychologue et essayiste canadienne (° ?

Joan Erikson, psychologue et essayiste canadienne (° ? 1902).

1997

Gladys Egan, actrice américaine (° 24 novembre 1905).

1997

Benjamín Teplizky, político chileno (n.

Benjamín Teplizky, político chileno (n. 1932).

1997

Pietro Rizzuto

Pietro Rizzuto ran the Liberal Party machine in Quebec for two decades. He was the senator nobody forgot — not because of legislation, but because of who he knew and how he moved money. Born in Sicily, he came to Montreal as a child and built a construction empire before turning to politics. He died in August 1997. The Rizzuto name didn't disappear with him. His family kept making headlines in Quebec, though not always for reasons Pietro would have welcomed.

1998

Reizo Koike, nageur japonais (° 12 décembre 1915).

1998

Alfred Schnittke

He survived four strokes — and kept composing anyway. Alfred Schnittke wrote his final works from a wheelchair, barely able to hold a pen, dictating music that mixed Baroque counterpoint with dissonant jazz and Soviet grimness into something nobody had a name for. He called it "polystylism." Critics didn't know what to do with him. Audiences wept. He died in Hamburg at 63, leaving nine symphonies, four violin concertos, and a sound so deliberately fractured it made chaos feel like a confession.

1998

Francesc Xavier Bultó, homme d'affaires espagnol (° 17 mai 1912).

1998

Lucien Grenier, avocat et homme politique canadien (° 11 octobre 1925).

1998

Arnim Dahl, deutscher Stuntman und Artist

1999

Abd al-Wahab al-Bayati, escritor iraquí (n.

Abd al-Wahab al-Bayati, escritor iraquí (n. 1926).

1999

Leroy Vinnegar, contrebassiste de jazz américain (° 13 juillet 1928).

1999

Rodney Ansell

Rodney Ansell was the real-life inspiration for the film Crocodile Dundee — a Northern Territory bushman who survived 56 days stranded in the Australian outback in 1977. His life ended violently in 1999 when he was shot by police after killing a constable during a standoff, a tragic arc from folk hero to fugitive.

1999

Byron Farwell

Byron Farwell wrote sweeping narrative histories of the British Empire's military campaigns, with books like The Great Anglo-Boer War and Queen Victoria's Little Wars reaching wide popular audiences. His accessible style brought Victorian-era warfare to general readers without sacrificing research rigor.

1999

Knut Herschel, deutscher Fernschachgroßmeister

1999

Jelena Junger, sowjetische bzw.

Jelena Junger, sowjetische bzw. russische Schauspielerin

1999

Myung Jae Nam, artista marcial coreano de hapkido, hankido y hankumdo (n.

Myung Jae Nam, artista marcial coreano de hapkido, hankido y hankumdo (n. 1938).

1999

Alexandre Maria Pinheiro Torres, escritor, filólogo y crítico literario portugués del movimiento neorrealista (n.

Alexandre Maria Pinheiro Torres, escritor, filólogo y crítico literario portugués del movimiento neorrealista (n. 1923).

2000s 137

2000

Joann Lõssov

Joann Lossov played for and later coached Estonian basketball teams during the Soviet era, when Estonian basketball punched far above its weight within the USSR system. He helped develop players who competed at the highest levels of Soviet basketball despite Estonia's small population.

2000

Isolina Ferré Aguayo, religiosa católica puertorriqueña (n.

Isolina Ferré Aguayo, religiosa católica puertorriqueña (n. 1914).

2001

Stefan Rachoń, polnischer Geiger und Dirigent

2001

Christopher Hewett

Hewett played Mr. Belvedere on the TV series Mr. Belvedere for six seasons, the sardonic English butler managing an American family in suburban Pittsburgh. Before that he was Madam on Broadway — a large English man playing a brothel madam in a musical, unrecognizable. He was a trained Shakespearean actor who spent his career doing things nobody expected of him. Six seasons as a butler. Madam on Broadway. A career that refused categories.

2001

Carlos Von Plessing Baentsch, químico-farmacéutico y educador chileno (n.

Carlos Von Plessing Baentsch, químico-farmacéutico y educador chileno (n. 1924).

2001

Hans Holt, österreichischer Schauspieler

2001

Louis Chevalier, historien et démographe français (° 29 mai 1911).

2002

Peter Miles, acteur et scénariste américain (° 1er avril 1938).

2002

Carmen Silvera

Silvera played Rene in Allo Allo for eight years, the bumbling cafe owner in occupied France who was continually explaining to his wife that whatever she had just seen was not what it appeared to be. The show ran 85 episodes and sold to over 80 countries. She'd been trained at RADA. She'd worked with the Royal Shakespeare Company. She did serious theater and then spent eight years in a comedy about the French Resistance that millions of people loved without quite understanding why. She said she was glad she did it.

2002

Carmen Silvera, atriz e cantora canadense (n.

Carmen Silvera, atriz e cantora canadense (n. 1922).

2002

Linneu Dias, ator, cineasta e escritor brasileiro (n.

Linneu Dias, ator, cineasta e escritor brasileiro (n. 1928).

2002

Dietmar Schlee, deutscher Politiker

2002

Niculiţă Secrieriu, peintre roumain (° 1er février 1938).

2003

Roger Voudouris

Roger Voudouris died in Sacramento in 2003. He had one hit: "Get Used to It," which reached number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1979. In the logic of the music industry, one top-forty hit puts you in a different category from those who never charted. He recorded two albums. The radio programmers moved on. He spent the rest of his life in Sacramento, occasionally playing live, largely outside the commercial industry. He was 48 when he died. Most one-hit careers don't get written down at all.

2003

Anton Spitaler, deutscher Orientalist, semitischer und arabischer Philologe

2003

Peter Safar, médico austríaco (n.

Peter Safar, médico austríaco (n. 1924).

2003

Joseph Saidu Momoh, sierra-leonischer Offizier und Politiker, Staatspräsident

2004

Bob Murphy

Bob Murphy spent 42 years calling New York Mets games on radio, from the team's miserable expansion years through their 1986 World Series championship. His warm, unflappable voice became the soundtrack of Mets fandom for two generations of New York baseball fans.

2004

Antonio Amorós, atleta español (n.

Antonio Amorós, atleta español (n. 1927).

2004

Mercedes de Jesús Egido, religiosa española (n.

Mercedes de Jesús Egido, religiosa española (n. 1935).

2004

Henri Cartier-Bresson

Henri Cartier-Bresson had a Leica and a theory: that photography was about the decisive moment — the split second when form and meaning converge perfectly. He spent decades proving it. Spain during the Civil War. China during the revolution. Gandhi hours before his assassination. Post-liberation Paris. His photos look inevitable, like the moment waited for him. He gave up photography in his late sixties and returned to drawing and painting, which is what he'd wanted to do all along. He said the camera had been an interruption.

2005

Annabel Buffet, romancière française, veuve du peintre Bernard Buffet (° 10 mai 1928).

2005

Ernest Smith, homme d'affaires et soldat canadien (° 3 mai 1914).

2005

Hans E. Schons, deutscher Schauspieler

2005

Gert Fritz Unger, deutscher Schriftsteller

2005

Luis Barbero, actor español (n.

Luis Barbero, actor español (n. 1916).

2005

Françoise d'Eaubonne

Françoise d'Eaubonne died in Paris in 2005. She coined the word "ecofeminism" in 1974, in a book called Le Féminisme ou la Mort. The argument was that the same systems of domination that subjugated women also destroyed the natural world — patriarchy and environmental destruction were the same thing, expressed differently. The idea became an entire academic field. She also wrote over thirty novels, journalism, poetry, and biography. She was involved in the 1970s Gay Liberation Front in France. She died at 84, having spent six decades generating ideas faster than institutions could process them.

2005

Zainab al Ghazali, femme politique égyptienne (° 2 janvier 1917).

2006

Arthur Lee

Lee founded Love in 1965 and the band never broke out of Los Angeles. Not because they weren't good. Because Lee refused to tour, refused to leave, possibly because he was afraid. They were the house band for a city that couldn't quite contain them. Forever Changes came out in 1967 and is considered one of the best albums of that decade — orchestrated psychedelic rock with strings and brass, recorded by a man who thought he was dying. He wasn't dying. The album is still alive. He went to prison for weapons charges in 1996. He came out and toured. The songs were still there.

2006

Elisabeth Schwarzkopf

She faked her Nazi Party membership application — or so she claimed for sixty years. Elisabeth Schwarzkopf spent decades defending herself against denazification files that showed her name, her signature. The controversy never quite left her. But audiences couldn't stay away from that voice: crystalline, technically ruthless, reportedly capable of forty distinct shades of piano. She shaped the postwar Lieder tradition almost single-handedly, and her recordings of Strauss and Wolf remain the benchmark every soprano is still measured against.

2007

Peter Thorup

He helped wire Denmark into the global rock circuit before most Danes knew what that meant. Peter Thorup played alongside Alexis Korner in Collective Consciousness Society, bridging British blues with Scandinavian audiences in the early 1970s. He wasn't a household name outside Copenhagen, but musicians knew. The Beefeaters work showed a guitarist who preferred texture over flash. He died in 2007, leaving recordings that still surface among collectors hunting the edges of European rock. The footnotes often hold the real story.

2007

Peter Connelly ("Bebé P"), niño británico (n.

Peter Connelly ("Bebé P"), niño británico (n. 2006).

2007

John Gardner

John Gardner died in Severn, Maryland in 2007. Not the philosopher — the thriller writer, the one who revived James Bond. After Ian Fleming's death, Gardner was hired in 1981 to continue the 007 series. He wrote fourteen Bond novels and two novelizations. The critical reception was mixed; the commercial reception was strong. He was also a capable literary novelist in his own right and wrote a series featuring Moriarty, Sherlock Holmes's nemesis, as the protagonist. He imagined Moriarty as a criminal genius who had survived. He died at 80.

2008

Anton Allemann, Schweizer Fußballspieler

2008

Erik Darling

Erik Darling helped define the American folk revival by lending his virtuosic banjo and guitar work to The Weavers and The Rooftop Singers. His arrangement of Walk Right In propelled the latter group to the top of the charts in 1963, bringing traditional acoustic sounds to a mainstream pop audience before his death in 2008.

2008

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn spent eight years in Soviet labor camps for writing a letter that criticized Stalin. He came out and wrote about it. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich described the camps so plainly that Soviet censors allowed it, briefly, thinking it supported de-Stalinization. Then they banned everything else. The Gulag Archipelago was smuggled out and published abroad. He was expelled from the Soviet Union in 1974. He spent eighteen years in Vermont, working. He returned to Russia in 1994, to a country he barely recognized.

2008

Skip Caray

Skip Caray died in Atlanta in 2008. He had broadcast Atlanta Braves baseball for 33 years, alongside his father Harry Caray and later his son Chip — making the Caray family the only three-generation broadcasting dynasty in sports history. Skip had his father's confidence but less of his sentimentality. His call was dry, sometimes caustic, reliably funny. He called the 1995 World Series championship. He died at 68, still under contract with the Braves. His son Chip is still broadcasting.

2009

Katrin Höngesberg, deutsche Zeichnerin, Malerin, Illustratorin und Schriftstellerin

2009

Nikolaos Makarezos

Nikolaos Makarezos was one of three colonels who seized power in the 1967 Greek military coup, serving as Minister of Coordination in the junta government. He was sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment) after democracy was restored in 1974, and was released on health grounds in 1990.

2009

Samir Ghosheh, militar palestino (n.

Samir Ghosheh, militar palestino (n. 1937).

2009

Julián Lago, presentador de televisión español (n.

Julián Lago, presentador de televisión español (n. 1947).

2009

Jean Donnedieu de Vabres, haut fonctionnaire français (° 9 mars 1918).

2009

Svend Pedersen, dänischer Ruderer

2010

Sonja Hörbing, deutsche Schauspielerin

2010

Jaime Semprún, ensayista, traductor y editor francés (n.

Jaime Semprún, ensayista, traductor y editor francés (n. 1947).

2010

Bobby Hebb

Bobby Hebb wrote and recorded "Sunny" in 1966, a song that became one of the most covered tracks in pop history with over 700 recorded versions. He wrote it the day after his brother was murdered outside a Nashville nightclub — transforming grief into one of music's most optimistic melodies.

2011

Rudolf Brazda, NS-Opfer, letzter Überlebender der wegen Homosexualität im KZ Buchenwald Inhaftierten

2011

Bubba Smith

Bubba Smith was a fearsome defensive end who anchored the Baltimore Colts' line in the late 1960s, including the epic Super Bowl III loss to Joe Namath's Jets. He reinvented himself as a comic actor, playing the towering Moses Hightower in all six Police Academy films.

2011

Louis Derbré, sculpteur français et mayennais (° 16 novembre 1925).

2011

William Sleator

William Sleator wrote young adult science fiction that explored time dilation, alien parasites, and parallel universes decades before those concepts became YA mainstream. Books like House of Stairs and Interstellar Pig earned devoted followings among readers who wanted hard sci-fi aimed at teenagers.

2011

Jane Walker, periodista británica (n.

Jane Walker, periodista británica (n. 1942).

2011

Li Lienfung, chimiste et écrivaine chinoise puis singapourienne (° 8 mai 1923).

2011

Nikolái Petrov, pianista ruso (n.

Nikolái Petrov, pianista ruso (n. 1943).

2011

Louise Behrend, US-amerikanische Geigerin und Musikpädagogin

2012

John Berry

John Berry built a significant business career spanning England and Australia, working across multiple industries in both countries. His cross-hemisphere career reflected the close commercial ties between British and Australian business networks.

2012

Marc Alfos, comédien français (° 20 mai 1956).

2012

John Berry, empresario británico (n.

John Berry, empresario británico (n. 1944).

2012

Marc Alfos

Marc Alfos was a prolific French voice actor who dubbed major Hollywood stars into French, lending his voice to characters in hundreds of films and television series. He was the go-to French voice for deep-voiced American actors, working steadily for over two decades in the dubbing industry.

2012

Frank Evans

Frank Evans spent decades in professional baseball as a player, coach, and minor league manager, serving as a lifer in the sport's developmental system. He helped shape young players across multiple organizations, working in the unglamorous but essential role of minor league instruction.

2012

Martin Fleischmann

Martin Fleischmann made global headlines in 1989 when he and Stanley Pons announced they had achieved cold fusion at room temperature — a claim that electrified the scientific world before failing to be replicated. The episode became one of the most high-profile scientific controversies of the 20th century and permanently reshaped how breakthrough claims are scrutinized.

2012

Paul McCracken

Paul McCracken chaired the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1971 — the years when the postwar economic consensus was starting to fracture. Inflation was rising, the Bretton Woods system was under strain, and the trade-offs between unemployment and inflation that economists had theorized were becoming political problems. He advocated for gradualism rather than shock therapy in fighting inflation. Nixon eventually went a different direction. McCracken returned to academia at Michigan and kept writing until well into his nineties.

2012

John Pritchard

John Pritchard played professional basketball in the early era of the sport, competing before the NBA's massive expansion transformed the game into a global enterprise. His career represents the generation of players who built the foundations of professional basketball.

2012

George Shanard

George Shanard was an American politician and agribusinessman who served in local government while running agricultural operations. His career reflected the intertwined nature of farming and politics in rural America.

2012

Rolf Castell, deutscher Volks- und Theaterschauspieler, Regisseur und Fernsehautor

2012

Carl Andersen, österreichischer Filmkritiker und Regisseur

2012

Severino Araújo, maestro brasileiro (n.

Severino Araújo, maestro brasileiro (n. 1917).

2013

Dutch Savage, luchador estadounidense (n.

Dutch Savage, luchador estadounidense (n. 1935).

2013

Dixie Evans, bailarina estadounidense (n.

Dixie Evans, bailarina estadounidense (n. 1926).

2013

Dixie Evans

Dixie Evans was known as "The Marilyn Monroe of Burlesque," building her act around a spot-on Monroe impersonation that drew audiences throughout the 1950s. She later founded the Exotic World Burlesque Museum in the Mojave Desert, preserving the art form's history and helping spark the neo-burlesque revival.

2013

Dutch Savage

Dutch Savage (Frank Stewart) was a top wrestling heel in the Pacific Northwest territory during the 1960s and 1970s, feuding with legends like Lonesome Luke. He later became a successful promoter, running Portland Wrestling and shaping the regional scene for decades.

2013

John Palmer

John Palmer anchored NBC News and served as a substitute host on the Today show, becoming one of the network's most familiar faces during the 1980s and 1990s. His smooth delivery made him a reliable presence across NBC's news programming for over two decades.

2013

Jack Hynes

Jack Hynes emigrated from Scotland to the United States and managed American soccer teams during the sport's pre-professional era. He was part of the Scottish coaching diaspora that helped develop soccer in North America when the sport had minimal institutional support.

2013

Jack English Hightower

Jack English Hightower served four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas before losing his seat in the conservative wave of the late 1970s. He later returned to practicing law and remained active in Texas Democratic politics.

2013

Helmut Thomä, deutscher Arzt, Psychoanalytiker und Hochschullehrer

2013

John Coombs

John Coombs ran one of the most successful privateer racing operations in 1960s motorsport from his Guildford garage, fielding Jaguars and Lotus cars that regularly beat factory teams. He gave early opportunities to drivers like Graham Hill and Jackie Stewart, becoming a kingmaker of British racing.

2014

Kenny Drew

Kenny Drew Jr. was a jazz pianist and composer who performed internationally, continuing a family legacy started by his father Kenny Drew Sr., a celebrated hard-bop pianist. He blended classical training with jazz improvisation, recording both solo albums and collaborative projects.

2014

Lydia Yu-Jose

She spent decades asking a question most Filipino scholars avoided: why did Japan get away so lightly after World War II? Lydia Yu-Jose dug into reparations, diplomatic silence, and the uncomfortable deals struck between Manila and Tokyo in 1956 — deals that prioritized trade over justice for Filipino war victims. Her research gave voice to survivors who'd been formally forgotten. She left behind a body of work at Ateneo de Manila that still shapes how Southeast Asian scholars examine war guilt and diplomatic memory.

2014

Yvette Giraud

Yvette Giraud was one of France's most popular chanson singers of the postwar era, achieving particular fame in Japan where she became an enduring cultural icon. She sang in French and Japanese, and her tours of Japan drew enormous audiences who embraced her as an ambassador of French musical culture.

2014

Manuel Martínez Carril, crítico de cine, periodista y profesor uruguayo (n.

Manuel Martínez Carril, crítico de cine, periodista y profesor uruguayo (n. 1938).

2014

Helmut Faeder, deutscher Fußballspieler

2014

Dorothy Salisbury Davis

Dorothy Salisbury Davis wrote crime fiction for over five decades, earning multiple Edgar Award nominations and serving as Grand Master of the Mystery Writers of America. Her novels explored the psychological dimensions of crime rather than relying on whodunit formulas, earning critical respect in a genre often dismissed as formulaic.

2014

Edward Clancy

Edward Clancy served as Archbishop of Sydney and later as a Cardinal, leading the Catholic Church in Australia's largest city for 18 years. He oversaw a period of institutional growth and was the highest-ranking Catholic cleric in Australian history at the time of his appointment.

2014

Miangul Aurangzeb

Miangul Aurangzeb served as Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (then NWFP) and was the last hereditary ruler of the princely state of Swat before it was absorbed into Pakistan. His family's centuries-long rule over the Swat Valley made him a bridge between tribal governance and modern Pakistani politics.

2015

Jef Murray

Jef Murray was an American (not Australian) artist and author whose paintings and illustrations brought Tolkien's Middle-earth to life in a style influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites and the Hudson River School. His work was endorsed by the Tolkien estate and exhibited at Tolkien-related events worldwide.

2015

Robert Conquest

He spent decades being called a liar. Robert Conquest published *The Great Terror* in 1968, estimating Stalin's purges killed millions — and mainstream Western academics dismissed him as a Cold War propagandist. Then the Soviet archives opened. The numbers were worse than he'd written. A colleague suggested the book's revised edition be retitled *I Told You So, You F***ing Fools*. Conquest reportedly loved that. He left behind a body of work that forced a reckoning with how badly ideology can blind otherwise brilliant people.

2015

Mel Farr

Mel Farr won NFL Rookie of the Year with the Detroit Lions in 1967 and made two Pro Bowls before injuries shortened his career. After football, he built the largest African American-owned automotive dealership chain in the country, becoming one of the most successful athlete-entrepreneurs of his era.

2015

Coleen Gray

Coleen Gray appeared in two of the greatest film noirs ever made — *Nightmare Alley* (1947) with Tyrone Power and *The Killing* (1956) for Stanley Kubrick — plus John Wayne's *Red River* (1948). Her filmography reads like a checklist of 1940s and 1950s Hollywood's most enduring crime and Western films.

2015

Margot Loyola

Margot Loyola spent over 60 years researching, performing, and preserving Chile's folk music traditions, traveling to every region of the country to document songs, dances, and oral histories before they disappeared. Declared a National Prize for Musical Arts laureate, she was Chile's most important ethnomusicologist and the voice of its traditional culture.

2015

Johanna Quandt

Johanna Quandt was the matriarch of the family that controls BMW, holding a 16.7% stake that made her one of the wealthiest women in the world. After her husband Herbert's death in 1982, she quietly steered the family's interests while her children Stefan and Susanne took more public roles in the company's governance.

2016

Louis Herman, biologiste de la marine américain (° 16 avril 1930).

2016

Shahram Amiri (شهرام امیری), scientifique iranien (° 8 novembre 1977).

2016

Elliot Tiber, artiste et scénariste américain (° 15 avril 1935).

2016

Chris Amon, piloto neozelandés de automovilismo (n.

Chris Amon, piloto neozelandés de automovilismo (n. 1943).

2016

Blake Krikorian (en), homme d'affaires et entrepreneur américain, fondateur de Slingbox (° 8 août 1967).

2016

Mel Hurtig, éditeur, auteur et militant politique canadien (° 24 juin 1932).

2017

Dick Hemric, basketteur américain (° 29 août 1933).

2017

Ty Hardin, acteur américain (° 1er janvier 1930).

2017

Laurent Lavigne, enseignant et homme politique canadien (° 10 août 1935).

2017

Ivan Gobry, essayiste et philosophe français (° 8 mars 1927).

2017

Ángel Nieto, piloto español de motociclismo (n.

Ángel Nieto, piloto español de motociclismo (n. 1947).

2017

José Beulas, pintor de paisaje (n.

José Beulas, pintor de paisaje (n. 1921).

2017

Robert Hardy, acteur britannique (° 29 octobre 1925).

2017

Jacques Daoust, homme d'affaires et homme politique canadien (° 17 février 1948).

2018

Michèle Le Bris, cantatrice française (° 17 mars 1935).

2018

Ronnie Taylor, cadreur et directeur de la photo britannique (° 27 octobre 1924).

2018

Ulrich Cavelti, Schweizer Jurist

2018

Paul Viallaneix, historien français (° 4 juillet 1925).

2018

Moshé Mizrahi (משה מזרחי en hébreu), réalisateur et scénariste israélien francophone (° 5 septembre 1931).

2019

Jean-Claude Bouttier, boxeur puis consultant français ès boxe en télévision (° 13 octobre 1944).

2019

Manuel Busquets, fue un actor, director de cine y productor de televisión colombiano.

Manuel Busquets, fue un actor, director de cine y productor de televisión colombiano. (n. 1945).

2019

Henri Belolo, producteur de musique français (° 27 novembre 1936).

2019

Miklós Ambrus, poloïste hongrois (° 31 mai 1933).

2019

Brian Lochore, neuseeländischer Rugbyspieler und -trainer

2019

Heinz Elzner, deutscher Fußballspieler und -trainer

2020

Ernesto Brambilla, piloto de automovilismo italiano (n.

Ernesto Brambilla, piloto de automovilismo italiano (n. 1934).

2020

Ralf Metzenmacher, deutscher Maler und Designer

2020

John Hume

A schoolteacher from Derry who'd never lost an election became the man two governments couldn't ignore. John Hume spent decades insisting that Northern Ireland's conflict was about people, not territory — a distinction that made hardliners furious and eventually brought the IRA to a table nobody thought they'd sit at. He shared the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize with David Trimble. But he'd already had three strokes by then. The Good Friday Agreement carries his fingerprints. He didn't live to see a united Ireland. He lived to see something rarer: enemies shaking hands.

2021

María Teresa Marú Mejía, política mexicana (n.

María Teresa Marú Mejía, política mexicana (n. 1958).

2021

Wolf Harranth, österreichischer Kinderbuchautor, Übersetzer und Medienjournalist

2021

Willi Hoffmeister, deutscher Friedensaktivist und Gewerkschafter

2021

Kelli Hand, US-amerikanische Techno-Musikerin und DJ

2021

Brian Maunsell, neuseeländischer Boxer

2022

Jackie Walorski

Jackie Walorski represented Indiana's 2nd Congressional District for nearly a decade as a Republican focused on veterans' affairs and agriculture policy. She was killed in a car accident in August 2022, along with two of her staffers, when their vehicle crossed the center line and collided with an oncoming car.

2022

Andrejs Rubins, joueur de football letton (né fin 1978).

2023

Gilles Perrault, écrivain, scénariste et ancien journaliste français (° 9 mars 1931).

2023

Bram Moolenaar

Bram Moolenaar created Vim, the text editor used by millions of programmers worldwide, and maintained it for over 30 years as open-source software. He also channeled Vim's community into ICCF Holland, a charity supporting children in Uganda — every time Vim launched, it asked users to help Ugandan kids. He died in 2023, and the programming world mourned one of the most quietly influential software engineers of his generation.

2023

Nechama Tec, israelische Historikerin und Überlebende des Holocaust

2023

Katja Dofel, deutsche Journalistin und Fernsehmoderatorin

2023

Carl Davis, US-amerikanischer Komponist und Dirigent

2023

Mark Margolis

Mark Margolis spent decades as a character actor in film and television before landing the role that defined his late career: Hector Salamanca in "Breaking Bad" and "Better Call Saul," a wheelchair-bound cartel patriarch who communicated through a desk bell. He played the role with such intensity that a single ding became one of television's most menacing sounds.

2024

Mustapha Moussa, boxeur algérien (° 2 février 1962).

2024

Morton Brown, mathématicien américain (° 12 août 1931).

2024

Yamini Krishnamurthy

Yamini Krishnamurthy was one of India's foremost classical dancers, mastering both Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi at a level that earned her the title of a living legend. She performed internationally for over five decades and received India's second-highest civilian honor, the Padma Vibhushan, for her contribution to the arts.

2024

Plen Promdaen, chanteur pop thaïlandais (° 12 juin 1939).

2024

Pedro Soler, guitariste de flamenco français (° 8 juin 1938).

2024

Antônio Meneses, violoncelliste helvético-brésilien (° 23 août 1957).

2025

Loni Anderson

Loni Anderson became a household name playing receptionist Jennifer Marlowe on "WKRP in Cincinnati," a role that made her one of the biggest sex symbols of the late 1970s and early 1980s. Her tabloid marriage to Burt Reynolds and their public divorce kept her in the headlines long after the show ended.

Deaths

Burchard

Rudolf I

Cao

Thietmar

Hildebold, Bischof von Worms

At-Ta'i

Hildeward von Gleißberg, Bischof des Bistums Naumburg-Zeitz

Wernher, Abt von St. Lambrecht

Otto, Bischof und Reichsfürst von Straßburg

Konrad von Feistritz, hochfreier Adeliger

Herold, Bischof von Würzburg

Sancha, esposa del rey Sancho VI de Navarra (n.

Alejandro III, papa italiano (n.

al-Kāsānī, islamischer Rechtsgelehrter

Richard Grant, Erzbischof von Canterbury

Johann von Damiette, Sohn des Königs Ludwig IX.

Rudolf von Hoheneck, Erzbischof von Salzburg

Roger Mortimer, 1.

Otto II.

Gauscelin de Jean, französischer Kardinal der katholischen Kirche

Bartholomew de Burghersh

Wittekind von Schalksberg, Bischof von Minden

Johannes von Klenedenst, Bischof von Lübeck

Olav II., König von Dänemark und Norwegen

Georg von Hohenlohe, Fürstbischof von Passau

Elisabeth von Görlitz, Herzogin von Luxemburg

James II of Scotland

Henning Iven, Bischof von Cammin

Giacopo Antonio Venier, Kardinal der katholischen Kirche, Bischof von Syrakus, León und Cuenca

Angelus Geraldini, Diplomat, Bischof von Sessa Aurunca und Cammin

Ernst II.

Scaramuccia Trivulzio

Filiberto de Chalôns, príncipe francés, virrey de Nápoles (n.

Francesco Ferruccio

Johannes II.

Étienne Dolet

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

Thomas Atzersen, deutscher Pfarrer

Andreas von Barby, dänischer Politiker und Bischof von Lübeck

Rupa Goswami, escritor religioso bengalí (n.

William Kirkcaldy of Grange, schottischer Politiker und Feldherr

Elisabeth Strupp, Opfer der Hexenverfolgungen in Gelnhausen

Bernardino de Mendoza

Francisco I, aristócrata italiano (n.

Hans Meinhard von Schönberg, deutscher Feldobrister und Hofmeister

Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland, englische Adelige

Guillaume du Vair

Anna Caterina Gonzaga, Prinzessin von Mantua und Montferrat, Fürstin von Tirol

Josua Stegmann, deutscher Theologe und Kirchenliederdichter

Adam Philipp XI.

Philipp Moritz von Hanau-Münzenberg, Graf von Hanau-Münzenberg

Franz von Mercy, deutscher Feldherr in Diensten der Katholischen Liga

Giangiacomo Teodoro Trivulzio, italienischer Kardinal und Politiker

Jacopo Vignali, pintor florentino (n.

Francesco Borromini, arquitecto y escultor italiano (n.

Francesco Borromini

Antonio Barberini, cardinal italien, archevêque de Reims (° 1607).

Tomáš Pešina z Čechorodu, tschechischer Historiker und Schriftsteller

Georg Rimpler, Festungsbauer und Mineur im deutschsprachigen Raum

Anna Margarete, Prinzessin von Hessen-Homburg und Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg

Christian Dreier, deutscher lutherischer Theologe

Gottfried Meisner, deutscher evangelischer Theologe

Hugh Mackay, schottischer General

Antonio Porta, italienischer Baumeister, Architekt und Bauunternehmer

Tobias Holländer, Vogtherr, Ratsherr, Säckelmeister, Gesandter und Bürgermeister der Stadt Schaffhausen

Joshua Barnes

Johann Caspar de Gabrieli, deutscher Stuckateur

Conrad von Rosen, livländischer General in französischen Diensten, Marschall von Frankreich

Sebastián Durón, spanischer Organist und Komponist

Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths, Fürstbischof von Würzburg, Herzog in Franken

Anthonie Heinsius

Grinling Gibbons

Johann Paul Schilck, österreichischer Steinmetz und Bildhauer

Christian Carl Gabel, dänischer Vizeadmiral

Maria Gertraude Schmidt, deutsche Magd und Kindsmörderin

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach

Johann Matthias Gesner

Guillaume-François Rouelle, französischer Chemiker

Andrés Piquer, médico y filósofo español (n.