December 13

Holidays

66 holidays recorded on December 13 throughout history

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Antiquity 16

Indonesia moved its capital.

Indonesia moved its capital. Not to a suburb of Jakarta, not to another island city — to a rainforest 1,300 kilometers away. Nusantara Day marks the 2024 launch of this $33 billion gamble: building a new capital from scratch in East Kalimantan while Jakarta sinks five inches per year under its own weight. The name means "archipelago" in Javanese. Construction crews cleared forest for government buildings designed to house 1.9 million civil servants by 2045. But the first Independence Day celebrated there drew just a few hundred people. Indonesia bet everything on green infrastructure and geographic balance. The jungle's winning so far.

A 37-year-old Japanese soldier named Toshiaki Mukai competed with a fellow officer to see who could kill 100 Chinese …

A 37-year-old Japanese soldier named Toshiaki Mukai competed with a fellow officer to see who could kill 100 Chinese civilians first with a sword. Newspapers back home covered it like a sports match. The six-week rampage beginning December 13, 1937, killed an estimated 300,000 in Nanjing — some shot, many beheaded, women raped then murdered, children bayoneted for practice. Japan occupied the city for eight years after. China didn't establish this national memorial day until 2014, 77 years later. The sword competition actually happened. Both men posed for photos.

Poland's communist regime declared martial law at midnight on December 13, 1981.

Poland's communist regime declared martial law at midnight on December 13, 1981. Tanks rolled through Warsaw streets before dawn. Phone lines went dead. Solidarity union leaders — including Lech Wałęsa — woke up under arrest. Over 10,000 people were detained in the first 48 hours. General Jaruzelski claimed he was preventing Soviet invasion. He might've been right. Or he might've crushed Poland's best chance at freedom to save his own power. The crackdown lasted until 1983, but the Solidarity movement survived underground. Eight years later, it won. Jaruzelski spent his final decades arguing he'd been a patriot, not a collaborator.

December 13, 1769: The British finally allowed Acadians to return to Nova Scotia — 14 years after deporting them.

December 13, 1769: The British finally allowed Acadians to return to Nova Scotia — 14 years after deporting them. But their farms were gone. Their villages belonged to New England settlers. And the best land? Off-limits by law. Of 14,000 Acadians forced onto ships in 1755, nearly half died of disease, drowning, or starvation. Those who survived scattered from Louisiana to France to the Caribbean. The ones who came back had to start over on rocky soil nobody else wanted. Today marks their expulsion — le Grand Dérangement — when an entire people were erased from their own home because they wouldn't pledge allegiance to the British crown. They rebuilt anyway.

The virgin martyr from Syracuse who refused marriage and died around 304 AD.

The virgin martyr from Syracuse who refused marriage and died around 304 AD. Her name means "light"—and her feast falls on what was the winter solstice in the old Julian calendar, the year's darkest day. Sweden turned her into Lucia, a girl in white with candles on her head who brings breakfast before dawn. Sicily claims her body. Venice does too. So does a church in Rome. Her eyes, supposedly gouged out in torture, made her patron saint of the blind. But the earliest accounts never mention her eyes at all. That detail appeared centuries later, when artists needed a symbol and martyrdom needed to be more visual, more memorable, more gruesome than it probably was.

Malta kicked out its last foreign ruler — the British Crown — and became a republic on this day in 1974.

Malta kicked out its last foreign ruler — the British Crown — and became a republic on this day in 1974. But here's the thing: they'd been independent since 1964. Those ten years? Constitutional monarchy, with Elizabeth II still on their coins. The switch happened because Dom Mintoff's Labour Party won big enough to change the constitution. Malta wrote its own president into existence, appointed Anthony Mamo (a judge, not a politician), and nobody fired a shot. The island had spent 7,000 years being conquered by everyone from Phoenicians to Napoleon. This time they just voted.

The Caribbean island gained independence from Britain in 1979 after 158 years of colonial rule—but not before changin…

The Caribbean island gained independence from Britain in 1979 after 158 years of colonial rule—but not before changing hands between France and Britain fourteen times. The date, February 22nd, commemorates the island's entry into the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States and full sovereign status. Named by Columbus after a Syracusan martyr, the island became the only nation named after a woman who was neither a monarch nor a national figure. Today it's the world's leading exporter of bananas per capita. And that fourteen-time colonial ping-pong? It holds the record for the most frequently traded territory in Caribbean history.

The Romans fed their gods at tables.

The Romans fed their gods at tables. Literally. On this day, they honored Tellus — earth itself — with a *lectisternium*: a couch set with food as if the deity might sit down and eat. Tellus got her shrine in Carinae, a rough neighborhood on the Esquiline Hill where fires broke out constantly. Ceres joined the feast. The practice wasn't symbolic — priests prepared real meals, left them for hours, then ate the offerings themselves once the gods had "consumed" the spiritual essence. It worked like this: if the earth goddess was well-fed, she'd keep the crops coming. Simple transaction. The Esquiline wasn't chosen randomly — it sat outside the old city walls, right where urban Rome met the farms that kept it alive.

A 13-century-old memorial to a young woman who chose death over marriage.

A 13-century-old memorial to a young woman who chose death over marriage. Lucy of Syracuse refused a pagan suitor, gave her dowry to the poor, and was executed around 304 AD — possibly by sword, possibly by fire, depending which account you trust. Her name means "light." And that's why Swedes wear candles on their heads each December 13th, why Sicilian bakers shape her eyes from sweet dough, why she became patron saint of the blind despite zero evidence she lost her own eyes. The Roman girl who said no became the Nordic symbol of light breaking through winter's darkest days.

Every December 13th, before dawn breaks across Scandinavia, a girl in white robes walks through darkness wearing a cr…

Every December 13th, before dawn breaks across Scandinavia, a girl in white robes walks through darkness wearing a crown of burning candles. Real flames. On her head. The tradition started as a Viking-era winter solstice festival, then merged with stories of Lucia — a 4th-century Sicilian martyr who supposedly wore candles to light her way while smuggling food to Christians hiding in Roman catacombs. Sweden formalized the celebration in 1927, turning it into a national procession of light during their darkest weeks, when sunrise comes at 9 AM and sunset at 3 PM. Today the oldest daughter still wakes her family with saffron buns and coffee, leading siblings in a candlelit procession. Fire marshals have gotten involved.

Before the Gregorian calendar reform shifted the solstice, December 13 served as the year’s darkest point under the J…

Before the Gregorian calendar reform shifted the solstice, December 13 served as the year’s darkest point under the Julian system. Communities celebrated Saint Lucy’s Day to honor the return of light, using candles and processions to defy the longest night and welcome the gradual lengthening of days that followed.

Malta became a republic in 1974, but not because it wanted distance from Britain — it had been independent for a decade.

Malta became a republic in 1974, but not because it wanted distance from Britain — it had been independent for a decade. The change was purely structural: swapping Queen Elizabeth II for a Maltese president, keeping the Commonwealth, keeping the language, keeping the ties. Prime Minister Dom Mintoff pushed it through with a two-thirds majority, rewriting the constitution in a single parliamentary session. The timing mattered: he wanted Malta defined by Maltese identity, not inherited monarchy. Britain didn't object. The Queen sent congratulations. And Malta stayed exactly where it was — just with its own head of state signing the papers.

Sweden's girls wake up at 4 AM on December 13th wearing candles in their hair.

Sweden's girls wake up at 4 AM on December 13th wearing candles in their hair. Real flames. The tradition started when a girl dressed in white brought food to starving villagers during Sweden's worst famine — or maybe to Christians hiding in Roman catacombs, depending on who you ask. Nobody knows for certain. But the candles stuck. Today it's the darkest morning of the old Julian calendar, the winter solstice before the switch. And in Sicily, they still won't eat bread or pasta on Lucy's feast day — only arancini and cuccia — because she saved Syracusans from starvation by sending a grain ship during another famine. Two islands. Two famines. Same saint. All about surviving the dark with fire and food.

Christians observe this date as a feast honoring saints like St. Lucy and St. Odile, whose lives inspired centuries o…

Christians observe this date as a feast honoring saints like St. Lucy and St. Odile, whose lives inspired centuries of devotion across Europe. The day commemorates their specific legacies of faith and charity rather than serving as a generic celebration of holiness.

A 13-year-old girl in 1780s Sweden started sneaking food to starving neighbors before dawn, wearing candles in her ha…

A 13-year-old girl in 1780s Sweden started sneaking food to starving neighbors before dawn, wearing candles in her hair so she could see in the dark. Nobody knows her name. But by 1900, Swedish newspapers had turned this local charity act into a national celebration of a 4th-century Sicilian martyr who'd been executed for her faith. Now millions wake to processions of white-robed girls carrying flames on their heads each December 13th. The weirdest part: Saint Lucia herself never visited Scandinavia, died in Syracuse, and has zero connection to winter solstice timing — except that her feast day once marked the year's longest night under the old calendar. Sweden just needed a light in the darkness and built an entire tradition around borrowed symbolism.

December 13th was chosen because it's the feast day of Saint Peter González, a 13th-century Spanish priest who became…

December 13th was chosen because it's the feast day of Saint Peter González, a 13th-century Spanish priest who became the patron saint of sailors after he nearly drowned. Brazilians call him São Pedro Gonçalves. He spent his life walking Spain's coastline, warning fishermen about dangerous weather patterns he'd learned to read in the clouds. His forecasts were so accurate that sailors started consulting him before every voyage. When he died, coastal communities across Portugal and Brazil adopted him as their protector. Today Brazilian naval bases hold ceremonies at dawn, and fishing boats stay docked — not in celebration, but in respect. Many sailors won't work the day he saved so many others.

Undated 50

MaltaMalta Malta: Día de la República.

Linoa,

Judoc, Judog, Juzeg,

Josse et ses variantes : Josselin(e), Jocelyn(e) ainsi que Joyce prénom mixte ou épicène d'origine anglo-saxonne.

Aurore,

Lucie et ses variantes ou diminutifs féminins : Luce, Marie-Luce, Lucette, Lucia, Lucile, Lucilia, Lucille, Lucillia …

Lucie et ses variantes ou diminutifs féminins : Luce, Marie-Luce, Lucette, Lucia, Lucile, Lucilia, Lucille, Lucillia et Lucy ; et leurs formes masculines : Lucio, Lucilio, Lucillio, Lucius et Lucilius (voir 8 janvier).

Pierre l'Aléout († 1815), martyr.

Mardaire le Pauvre († XIVe siècle), moine au monastère de la laure des Grottes de Kiev (aux dates éventuellement diff…

Mardaire le Pauvre († XIVe siècle), moine au monastère de la laure des Grottes de Kiev (aux dates éventuellement différentes dans les calendriers julien ou orientaux).

Germain de l'Alaska († 1836), moine et évangélisateur.

Gabriel Ier de Serbie (en) († 1659) — ou « Gabriel de Pecs » —, patriarche de Serbie, martyr par la main de musulmans…

Gabriel Ier de Serbie (en) († 1659) — ou « Gabriel de Pecs » —, patriarche de Serbie, martyr par la main de musulmans à Prousse, en Bithynie.

Ponce de Balmey († 1140), bienheureux évêque.

Pierre Cho Hwa-so († 1866), Laïc coréen martyr.

Élisabeth-Rose († 1130), Ermite.

Wilfred († 1021), Abbé.

Ursicin de Cahors († 585), évêque.

Suffren († ?), Abbé

Roswinde et Einhilde de Hohenbourg (VIIIe siècle), moniales.

Eustrate, Auxence, Eugène, Mardaire et Oreste, († vers 305), martyrs.

Edburge de Thanet († 751) — ou « Edburgh », « Edburga », « Edelburga », ou « Ethelburga » —, moniale bénédictine, qui…

Edburge de Thanet († 751) — ou « Edburgh », « Edburga », « Edelburga », ou « Ethelburga » —, moniale bénédictine, qui appartenait à la famille royale du Wessex, disciple de sainte Mildrède, à laquelle elle succéda comme abbesse de Minster-in-Thanet, en 716.

Aubert de Cambrai († 668), évêque de Cambrai et d'Arras.

Arsène du Latros (IXe siècle), stratège du thème des Cibyrrhéotes, puis amiral de la flotte, devenu ascète au mont La…

Arsène du Latros (IXe siècle), stratège du thème des Cibyrrhéotes, puis amiral de la flotte, devenu ascète au mont Latros, près de Milet, en Asie.

Antiochus de Sulci (en) († entre 117 et 138) — ou « Antiochos de Sardaigne » ou « Antioco » —, martyr sous Adrien, s…

Antiochus de Sulci (en) († entre 117 et 138) — ou « Antiochos de Sardaigne » ou « Antioco » —, martyr sous Adrien, sur l'île de Sulci (aujourd'hui île de Sant'Antioco), au large de la Sardaigne.

Namenstage Jodok

Christian feast day: St Antiochus of Sulcis

Santos Pedro Cho Hwa-so, Pedro Yi Myong-so, Bartolomé Chong Mun-ho, Pedro Son-ji, José Pedro Han Chae-kwon y Pedro Ch…

Santos Pedro Cho Hwa-so, Pedro Yi Myong-so, Bartolomé Chong Mun-ho, Pedro Son-ji, José Pedro Han Chae-kwon y Pedro Chong Won-ji, mártires (1866).

Beato Antonio Grassi, presbítero (1671).

Beato Juan Marinoni, presbítero (1562).

San Auberto de Cambrai, obispo (c.

San Auberto de Cambrai, obispo (c. 670).

San Judoco de Armórica, presbítero y eremita (c.

San Judoco de Armórica, presbítero y eremita (c. 669).

Santos Eustrato, Auxencio, Eugenio, Mardario y Orestes de Armenia, mártires (c.

Santos Eustrato, Auxencio, Eugenio, Mardario y Orestes de Armenia, mártires (c. s. IV).

San Antioco de Sulcis, mártir (c.

San Antioco de Sulcis, mártir (c. s. IV).

San Aristón de Porto Romano, mártir (c.

San Aristón de Porto Romano, mártir (c. s. IV).

Dia Nacional da Pessoa com Deficiência Visual

Dia do Marinheiro

Dia do Pedreiro

Dia do Engenheiro Avaliador e Perito de Engenharia

Dia Nacional do Forró

Aniversário do município de Luziânia, Goiás.

Aniversário dos municípios de Água Azul do Norte, Eldorado do Carajás, Jacareacanga, Santa Luzia do Pará e Vitória do…

Aniversário dos municípios de Água Azul do Norte, Eldorado do Carajás, Jacareacanga, Santa Luzia do Pará e Vitória do Xingu, Pará.