December 2
Events
201 events recorded on December 2 throughout history
Napoleon Bonaparte snatched the crown from Pope Pius VII's hands to place it on his own head at Notre Dame Cathedral, shattering the illusion that papal authority sanctioned his rule. This bold act cemented his absolute power and established a new imperial dynasty that would dominate Europe for over a decade.
Enrico Fermi's team ignites Chicago Pile-1, triggering the world's first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction and proving atomic energy could be harnessed for power or weapons. This breakthrough instantly shifted global strategy, pushing Allied leaders to accelerate uranium enrichment programs that would soon yield the bombs ending the war.
Chinese forces shattered the UN advance at the Ch'ongch'on River, inflicting over 11,000 casualties and forcing a chaotic 120-mile retreat southward. This decisive rout ended any Allied hope of reunifying Korea by force and transformed the conflict into a grinding stalemate along the 38th parallel.
Quote of the Day
“You are born an artist or you are not. And you stay an artist, dear, even if your voice is less of a fireworks. The artist is always there.”
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en la mezquita de Córdoba (España) es elegido como nuevo califa Abderramán V (hermano del difunto Muhammad II al-Mahd…
en la mezquita de Córdoba (España) es elegido como nuevo califa Abderramán V (hermano del difunto Muhammad II al-Mahdi), quien toma el título de al-Mustazhir bi-llah (‘el que implora el socorro de Alá’).
Pope Innocent IV arrived in Lyon to escape the suffocating political pressure of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, tur…
Pope Innocent IV arrived in Lyon to escape the suffocating political pressure of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, turning the French city into the temporary headquarters of the papacy. This relocation allowed the Pope to excommunicate Frederick during the subsequent council, deepening the schism between the church and the empire for decades.
The University of Leipzig opened because German masters at Prague got tired of being outvoted 3-to-1 by Bohemian coll…
The University of Leipzig opened because German masters at Prague got tired of being outvoted 3-to-1 by Bohemian colleagues. King Wenceslaus IV had just flipped the voting rules — Bohemians got three votes, everyone else shared one. So the Germans walked. They traveled 150 miles northwest and founded their own university in Saxony. Within months, Leipzig enrolled over 400 students, more than stayed behind in Prague. The exodus gutted one institution and built another overnight. Today Leipzig is Germany's second-oldest university, and the whole mess started over faculty politics. Three votes changed the academic map of Central Europe.
Zur Finanzierung von Feldzügen gegen die Hussiten billigt der Reichstag zu Frankfurt unter dem römisch-deutschen Köni…
Zur Finanzierung von Feldzügen gegen die Hussiten billigt der Reichstag zu Frankfurt unter dem römisch-deutschen König Sigismund eine Reichskriegssteuer, später Hussitenpfennig genannt.
Während der Appenzellerkriege kommt es zum Gefecht bei der Letzi, aus dem Friedrich VII.
Während der Appenzellerkriege kommt es zum Gefecht bei der Letzi, aus dem Friedrich VII. von Toggenburg siegreich hervorgeht. Die geschlagenen Appenzeller geben in der Folge ihre Expansionsbestrebungen auf und fügen sich einem Schiedsspruch der Acht Alten Orte.
Johann Giskra nimmt den walachischen Fürsten Vlad III.
Johann Giskra nimmt den walachischen Fürsten Vlad III. Drăculea durch eine Täuschung gefangen und übergibt ihn dem ungarischen König Matthias Corvinus.
As pinturas de Miguel Ângelo no teto da Capela Sistina são exibidas ao público pela primeira vez.
As pinturas de Miguel Ângelo no teto da Capela Sistina são exibidas ao público pela primeira vez.
en La Vega Vieja (en la actual República Dominicana) se registra un fuerte terremoto que causa un derrumbe.
en La Vega Vieja (en la actual República Dominicana) se registra un fuerte terremoto que causa un derrumbe.
88 km al sur de Ámsterdam (Países Bajos) se libra el primer día de la batalla de Empel (entre el 2 y el 8 de diciembr…
88 km al sur de Ámsterdam (Países Bajos) se libra el primer día de la batalla de Empel (entre el 2 y el 8 de diciembre), en que los defensores neerlandeses vencerán al ejército invasor de los tercios españoles. El 7 y 8 de diciembre se congelará la superficie del río Mosa ―algo que (en ese período de la Pequeña Edad de Hielo) sucedía todos los años―, lo que permite que el ejército invasor de los tercios logre huir del cerco neerlandés. Los supersticiosos soldados españoles considerarán que esto es un milagro de la Virgen María (el «milagro de Empel») y proclaman que su estatuilla de la Inmaculada Concepción se ha vuelto la «patrona de los tercios españoles».
mariage de Louis XIII de France et d'Anne d'Autriche.
mariage de Louis XIII de France et d'Anne d'Autriche.
en la capital de España se inician las obras de la Plaza Mayor de Madrid.
en la capital de España se inician las obras de la Plaza Mayor de Madrid.
Sir Christopher Wren's St Paul's Cathedral rises from the ashes of the Great Fire, finally receiving its consecration…
Sir Christopher Wren's St Paul's Cathedral rises from the ashes of the Great Fire, finally receiving its consecration on this day. The new structure replaced the medieval cathedral destroyed in 1666 and established a lasting architectural landmark that defines the London skyline to this day.
Christopher Wren watched his cathedral open after 35 years of construction — he was 65, had survived the Great Fire t…
Christopher Wren watched his cathedral open after 35 years of construction — he was 65, had survived the Great Fire that leveled the old cathedral, fought with commissioners who called his designs too radical, and secretly substituted his preferred dome for the one they'd approved. The consecration happened while scaffolding still covered parts of the building. Wren's son placed the final stone atop the lantern eight years later. The dome weighs 66,000 tons and rises 365 feet, exactly one foot for each day of the year — a detail Wren called "divine mathematics." His grave sits in the crypt, marked by a Latin inscription his son wrote: "Reader, if you seek his monument, look around you."
Zum Ersten Adventssonntag führt Johann Sebastian Bach erstmals seine Kantate Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland in der Schl…
Zum Ersten Adventssonntag führt Johann Sebastian Bach erstmals seine Kantate Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland in der Schlosskirche zu Weimar öffentlich auf.
Criação no Estado do Brasil das capitanias de Minas Gerais e São Paulo.
Criação no Estado do Brasil das capitanias de Minas Gerais e São Paulo.
en Cornualles (Inglaterra), un incendio destruye el segundo Faro de Eddystone.
en Cornualles (Inglaterra), un incendio destruye el segundo Faro de Eddystone.
The keeper's wife lit a candle to inspect the lantern room.
The keeper's wife lit a candle to inspect the lantern room. Within minutes, flames had engulfed John Smeaton's wooden tower — the one that had replaced the original swept away by storms. The crew escaped down ropes as molten lead from the roof poured past them. One keeper, Henry Hall, looked up at the wrong moment. Molten lead shot down his throat. He survived twelve days, insisting nothing was wrong, until doctors found a seven-ounce piece of lead in his stomach during the autopsy. The third lighthouse, built entirely of stone, opened four years later. No candles allowed.
The building still stands.
The building still stands. But in 1763, Newport's Jewish congregation numbered maybe 58 families — Portuguese and Spanish refugees who'd fled the Inquisition through the Caribbean. They hired Peter Harrison, a gentile architect, who designed something radical: a trap door under the bimah, supposedly for escape if persecution came to America too. It never did. George Washington himself would later write them promising that this new nation "gives to bigotry no sanction." The synagogue outlived Newport's Jewish community, which scattered after the Revolution destroyed the city's shipping trade. By 1822, services stopped. The building sat empty for decades, preserved by caretakers who believed someone would return. They were right — just not for 150 years.
Sweden's parliament didn't just pass a press freedom law — they made it constitutional, untouchable by future governm…
Sweden's parliament didn't just pass a press freedom law — they made it constitutional, untouchable by future governments without supermajority approval. The Swedish Freedom of the Press Act guaranteed anyone could publish anything without prior censorship and forced government documents open to public scrutiny. Radical for 1766: officials couldn't pre-approve content, couldn't demand authors' names, couldn't shut down presses for inconvenient truths. The law emerged from a four-year window when the nobility temporarily wrested power from the monarchy — they wanted to expose royal corruption and needed legal protection to do it. Denmark wouldn't follow for another century. Britain's press remained prosecutable until 1792. America's First Amendment came twenty-five years later, inspired partly by Sweden's experiment. The irony: Sweden's lawmakers created press freedom to win a political fight, not realizing they'd just written the blueprint for modern democracy.
USS Alfred Flies First Flag: America's Revolution Begins
John Paul Jones hoisted the Grand Union Flag aboard the USS Alfred, making it the first vessel to fly the precursor to the Stars and Stripes. This act gave the fledgling Continental Navy a unifying emblem during the opening months of the Radical War, signaling colonial defiance on the open seas.
Combat de Bois-Rouland, pendant la Chouannerie.
Combat de Bois-Rouland, pendant la Chouannerie.
Napoleon Crowns Himself: A New French Empire Rises
Napoleon Bonaparte snatched the crown from Pope Pius VII's hands to place it on his own head at Notre Dame Cathedral, shattering the illusion that papal authority sanctioned his rule. This bold act cemented his absolute power and established a new imperial dynasty that would dominate Europe for over a decade.
Napoleon had 73,000 men.
Napoleon had 73,000 men. The Austro-Russian alliance had 85,000. But at Austerlitz, Napoleon wanted them to think he was weaker. He abandoned the Pratzen Heights on purpose. The allies rushed to take the high ground, stretching their line thin. Then Napoleon's center smashed through the gap, splitting their army in two. The Russian Imperial Guard drowned in frozen ponds, cannonballs cracking the ice beneath them. Austria sued for peace within days. Russia limped home. And Napoleon — outnumbered by 12,000 troops — didn't just win. He destroyed the Third Coalition and made himself master of Europe. Military academies still teach what he did that morning.
en Chile, el general republicano José Miguel Carrera disuelve el Congreso y proclama una dictadura.
en Chile, el general republicano José Miguel Carrera disuelve el Congreso y proclama una dictadura.
Die Niederlande proklamieren ihre Unabhängigkeit von französischer Herrschaft und Wilhelm I. als ihren Souverän.
Die Niederlande proklamieren ihre Unabhängigkeit von französischer Herrschaft und Wilhelm I. als ihren Souverän.
Monroe stands before Congress and draws a line across two continents.
Monroe stands before Congress and draws a line across two continents. European powers can keep their monarchies and their wars — but the Western Hemisphere is closed for colonization. The message arrives at a perfect moment: Spain's American empire is crumbling, and Britain's navy secretly backs the policy without anyone saying so out loud. Monroe's secretary of state, John Quincy Adams, actually wrote most of it. The doctrine won't get its famous name for another 30 years, but it immediately reshapes how every nation calculates power in the Atlantic. One speech, and suddenly 16 million square miles have new rules.
le roi Charles X de France décide la mise à la retraite, le jour du 19e anniversaire d’Austerlitz, des officiers géné…
le roi Charles X de France décide la mise à la retraite, le jour du 19e anniversaire d’Austerlitz, des officiers généraux ayant le maximum d’ancienneté dans leur grade, presque tous d’anciens soldats de l’Empire. Cette maladresse soulève des remous dans les milieux militaires.
An der Opéra-Comique in Paris erfolgt die Uraufführung der komischen Oper Le domino noir (Der schwarze Domino) von Da…
An der Opéra-Comique in Paris erfolgt die Uraufführung der komischen Oper Le domino noir (Der schwarze Domino) von Daniel-François-Esprit Auber.
An der Grand Opéra Paris wird die Oper Die Favoritin von Gaetano Donizetti uraufgeführt.
An der Grand Opéra Paris wird die Oper Die Favoritin von Gaetano Donizetti uraufgeführt.
Am Königlichen Theater in Stockholm erfolgt die Uraufführung der Operette Jag går i kloster (Ich gehe ins Kloster) vo…
Am Königlichen Theater in Stockholm erfolgt die Uraufführung der Operette Jag går i kloster (Ich gehe ins Kloster) von Franz Berwald.
Polk didn't just suggest expansion — he demanded it.
Polk didn't just suggest expansion — he demanded it. In his December address, the president declared Oregon, California, and everything between belonged to America by divine right. Congress had spent months debating whether to negotiate with Britain over Oregon or risk war. Polk's answer: take it all, the entire territory up to the 54°40' latitude line. His message triggered the Mexican-American War within months and added 1.2 million square miles to the nation. The doctrine of Manifest Destiny, coined just that July in a magazine essay, now had presidential muscle behind it. What followed wasn't destiny. It was invasion, treaty-breaking, and forced marches that killed thousands of Cherokee, Navajo, and Apache. But Polk got his ocean-to-ocean empire. America stretched to the Pacific within three years.
création, en France, de la Société protectrice des animaux (SPA).
création, en France, de la Société protectrice des animaux (SPA).
The 18-year-old who'd barely left the palace suddenly ruled 50 million people across a dozen languages.
The 18-year-old who'd barely left the palace suddenly ruled 50 million people across a dozen languages. His uncle Ferdinand — prone to seizures, couldn't govern — abdicated during revolution. Franz Josef's own father passed the crown to him instead of taking it himself. The boy-emperor would reign for 68 years, longer than any Habsburg before him. He'd lose a brother to execution in Mexico, a son to suicide, a wife to assassination. He'd start World War I by reacting to his nephew's murder. But on this December morning, he just stood there in the archbishop's palace in Olomouc, taking an oath he'd never break, to an empire that wouldn't outlive him.
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte dissolved the French National Assembly in a swift coup d'état, ending the Second Republic.
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte dissolved the French National Assembly in a swift coup d'état, ending the Second Republic. By seizing absolute power, he dismantled the fragile democratic experiment and cleared the path to declare himself Emperor Napoleon III just one year later, cementing a decade of authoritarian rule that reshaped the French state.
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup, dissolved the Assembly, and declared himself emperor — exactly forty-eight ye…
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup, dissolved the Assembly, and declared himself emperor — exactly forty-eight years after his uncle's coronation. France voted yes in a referendum: 7.8 million to 640,000. But here's what the numbers hide: opponents were arrested before they could campaign, and ballots weren't secret. He promised stability after three years of chaos. What he delivered was two decades of rapid industrialization, grand boulevards through Paris, and a disastrous war with Prussia that ended his reign in 1870. The nephew thought he was recreating imperial glory. Instead, he proved republics don't die easily — they just take long naps.
premier traité de Bayonne, établissant la frontière des Pyrénées
premier traité de Bayonne, établissant la frontière des Pyrénées
en la ciudad de Harpers Ferry (estado de Virginia Occidental), el Gobierno estadounidense ejecuta mediante ahorcamien…
en la ciudad de Harpers Ferry (estado de Virginia Occidental), el Gobierno estadounidense ejecuta mediante ahorcamiento al activista blanco antiesclavista John Brown.
la ciudad de Shamakhi ―antigua capital de Azerbaiyán en la cordillera caucásica― es borrada del mapa por un terremoto…
la ciudad de Shamakhi ―antigua capital de Azerbaiyán en la cordillera caucásica― es borrada del mapa por un terremoto; deja un saldo de un número indeterminado de miles de muertos. La destrucción de la ciudad provoca que el centro gubernamental sea transferido otra vez a Bakú.
John Brown walked to the gallows calm as Sunday.
John Brown walked to the gallows calm as Sunday. He'd just led 21 men in a raid to steal federal weapons and arm enslaved people for rebellion — 10 of his men died, including two of his sons. Virginia tried him in four days. He refused to plead insanity. Wrote his last prophecy on a scrap of paper: the crimes of this nation will never be purged away but with blood. Sixteen months later, Union soldiers marched into battle singing his name. His body moldered but his raid had split the country past compromise. The Civil War wasn't caused by one man's violence — but his rope marks the spot where talking stopped and choosing sides began.
Zur Niederschlagung der Aufstände in Kongresspolen wird die Lodzer Zeitung gegründet, die sich später zu einer bedeut…
Zur Niederschlagung der Aufstände in Kongresspolen wird die Lodzer Zeitung gegründet, die sich später zu einer bedeutsamen Zeitung der deutschen Minderheit in Polen entwickelt.
Alabama’s ratification of the 13th Amendment triggered a rapid chain reaction across the South, with North Carolina a…
Alabama’s ratification of the 13th Amendment triggered a rapid chain reaction across the South, with North Carolina and Georgia following suit within days. This surge of state approvals secured the three-fourths majority necessary to abolish slavery nationwide. By December 18, the amendment became law, permanently ending the legal institution of chattel slavery throughout the United States.
Charles Dickens stepped onto a Boston stage terrified.
Charles Dickens stepped onto a Boston stage terrified. Not of the crowd — of losing his voice. He'd sailed from England specifically to read aloud, his greatest moneymaker, but bronchitis had nearly killed the tour before it started. Tickets for this December night sold out in eleven hours. Scalpers got $20 for a $2 seat. He read the trial from *Pickwick Papers*, voices and all, for two hours straight. The audience wept, roared, stood on chairs. And Dickens, who'd sworn off America after they pirated his books for decades, walked away with more cash than his novels ever earned him there. He'd discovered he was worth more alive than published.
bataille de Loigny, lors de la guerre franco-prussienne de 1870.
bataille de Loigny, lors de la guerre franco-prussienne de 1870.
cerca de la villa de Guáimaro (en la Capitanía de Cuba) ―en el marco de la Guerra de los Diez Años (1868-1878)―, las …
cerca de la villa de Guáimaro (en la Capitanía de Cuba) ―en el marco de la Guerra de los Diez Años (1868-1878)―, las fuerzas patriotas de Máximo Gómez y Manuel Sanguily logran una victoria aplastante contra los españoles en la batalla de Palo Seco.
In Weimar findet die Uraufführung der Oper Samson et Dalila (Samson und Dalila) von Camille Saint-Saëns statt.
In Weimar findet die Uraufführung der Oper Samson et Dalila (Samson und Dalila) von Camille Saint-Saëns statt.
Auf dem Nordatlantik geht das britische Passagierschiff Borussia unter, nachdem ein Sturm ein Leck im Rumpf verursach…
Auf dem Nordatlantik geht das britische Passagierschiff Borussia unter, nachdem ein Sturm ein Leck im Rumpf verursacht hat. 169 Menschen sterben.
démission du président de la IIIe République française Jules Grévy, à la suite du « scandale des décorations ».
démission du président de la IIIe République française Jules Grévy, à la suite du « scandale des décorations ».
In Berlin wird Gerhart Hauptmanns Märchendrama Die versunkene Glocke uraufgeführt.
In Berlin wird Gerhart Hauptmanns Märchendrama Die versunkene Glocke uraufgeführt.
Die USA treten dem Samoa-Vertrag bei.
Die USA treten dem Samoa-Vertrag bei. Die Inseln werden am 171. Längengrad westlicher Länge zwischen dem Deutschen Reich und den USA aufgeteilt.
General Gregorio del Pilar and his small rearguard fought to the death at Tirad Pass, buying precious time for Presid…
General Gregorio del Pilar and his small rearguard fought to the death at Tirad Pass, buying precious time for President Emilio Aguinaldo to escape American forces. While the outnumbered Filipino troops perished, their sacrifice allowed the radical government to retreat into the mountains, sustaining the resistance against U.S. occupation for another two years.
en las islas Filipinas (independizadas del Reino de España gracias a la ayuda militar de Estados Unidos), invadidas p…
en las islas Filipinas (independizadas del Reino de España gracias a la ayuda militar de Estados Unidos), invadidas por Estados Unidos ―en el marco de la guerra filipino-estadounidense― un batallón de 60 filipinos liderados por el general Gregorio del Pilar mueren contra 500 estadounidenses en la batalla del paso Tirad (que en la historia filipina se recuerda como «las Termópilas filipinas»). Fue una victoria táctica estadounidense, pero una victoria estratégica filipina, porque atrasó a los estadounidenses y permitió que escaparan el presidente Emilio Aguinaldo y su batallón.
King Camp Gillette patenta la primera máquina de afeitar de hojas desechables.
King Camp Gillette patenta la primera máquina de afeitar de hojas desechables.
Publicado Os Sertões, de Euclides da Cunha, sobre a Guerra de Canudos.
Publicado Os Sertões, de Euclides da Cunha, sobre a Guerra de Canudos.
Sam Eyde und Kristian Birkeland gründen in Norwegen die Firma Norsk Hydro mit Sitz in Notodden zur Herstellung von St…
Sam Eyde und Kristian Birkeland gründen in Norwegen die Firma Norsk Hydro mit Sitz in Notodden zur Herstellung von Stickstoffdünger.
Two-year-old Pu Yi ascended the Dragon Throne as the Xuantong Emperor, becoming the final sovereign of the Qing dynasty.
Two-year-old Pu Yi ascended the Dragon Throne as the Xuantong Emperor, becoming the final sovereign of the Qing dynasty. His coronation signaled the collapse of imperial authority, as the fragile regency failed to contain the rising radical fervor that dismantled two millennia of dynastic rule just three years later.
Die Australasiatische Antarktisexpedition läuft mit dem Robbenjagdschiff Aurora in Richtung Macquarie-Insel aus.
Die Australasiatische Antarktisexpedition läuft mit dem Robbenjagdschiff Aurora in Richtung Macquarie-Insel aus.
en Roma, Italia, el papa San Pío X crea la provincia Eclesiástica de Nicaragua, que hasta entonces era una sola dióce…
en Roma, Italia, el papa San Pío X crea la provincia Eclesiástica de Nicaragua, que hasta entonces era una sola diócesis con sede en León, creando la Arquidiócesis de Managua, las diócesis de León y Granada y el Vicariato Apostólico de Bluefields.
Karl Liebknecht (SPD) stimmt im deutschen Reichstag als einziger Abgeordneter gegen die erste Verlängerung der Kriegs…
Karl Liebknecht (SPD) stimmt im deutschen Reichstag als einziger Abgeordneter gegen die erste Verlängerung der Kriegskredite.
l'Académie royale des sciences de Prusse publie la théorie de la relativité générale d'Albert Einstein.
l'Académie royale des sciences de Prusse publie la théorie de la relativité générale d'Albert Einstein.
In Wien findet die Uraufführung der Operette Die Rose von Stambul von Leo Fall statt.
In Wien findet die Uraufführung der Operette Die Rose von Stambul von Leo Fall statt.
Lenin's Bolsheviks had been in power exactly 38 days.
Lenin's Bolsheviks had been in power exactly 38 days. Now they sat across from German generals who'd just crushed them on every front, offering peace at any price. The armistice froze the guns while negotiators argued over how much of the old Russian Empire would vanish. Germany wanted Poland, the Baltics, Ukraine — one-third of Russia's population, half its industry. Trotsky would stall for weeks, hoping German workers would revolt first. They didn't. Three months later, Russia signed away more territory than any European power had lost in centuries, buying the Bolsheviks time to fight a civil war instead of a world war. They chose survival over everything the Tsars had built.
signature du traité d'Alexandropol, entre l'Arménie et la Turquie.
signature du traité d'Alexandropol, entre l'Arménie et la Turquie.
Turkish forces imposed the Treaty of Alexandropol on Armenia, ending the Turkish-Armenian War by stripping the fledgl…
Turkish forces imposed the Treaty of Alexandropol on Armenia, ending the Turkish-Armenian War by stripping the fledgling republic of over half its territory. This dictated peace forced Armenia to renounce the Treaty of Sèvres and dismantled its sovereignty, leaving the nation vulnerable to the imminent Soviet takeover just days later.
التوقيع على معاهدة العقير بين سلطنة نجد والمملكة العراقية والكويت والتي تم بموجبها ترسيم حدود الدول الثلاث.
التوقيع على معاهدة العقير بين سلطنة نجد والمملكة العراقية والكويت والتي تم بموجبها ترسيم حدود الدول الثلاث.
Die uruguayische Fußballnationalmannschaft gewinnt die Copa América zum vierten Mal mit einem 2:0-Sieg im letzten Spi…
Die uruguayische Fußballnationalmannschaft gewinnt die Copa América zum vierten Mal mit einem 2:0-Sieg im letzten Spiel gegen die Argentinier.
Die BASF fusioniert mit fünf weiteren Firmen zur I.G.
Die BASF fusioniert mit fünf weiteren Firmen zur I.G. Farbenindustrie AG, dem damals weltgrößten Chemiekonzern.
en España, el dictador Miguel Primo de Rivera reemplaza al Directorio Militar.
en España, el dictador Miguel Primo de Rivera reemplaza al Directorio Militar.
The Model T had sold 15 million cars and made Ford the richest company in America.
The Model T had sold 15 million cars and made Ford the richest company in America. Then Henry Ford shut down every factory for six months. No new cars, no income, workers sent home. His son Edsel had begged him to modernize for years—customers were defecting to Chevrolet's colorful, stylish models while Ford stubbornly kept building the same black car. The Model A finally arrived with a choice of four colors, a 40-horsepower engine, and hydraulic shock absorbers. Ten million people visited showrooms on the first day. But Ford never recovered the market dominance he'd thrown away. The man who revolutionized manufacturing had nearly destroyed his own company because he couldn't admit when something was finished.
In Oloko, Nigeria, führt der Protest lokaler Frauen gegen die geplante Kopfsteuer der britischen Kolonialverwaltung z…
In Oloko, Nigeria, führt der Protest lokaler Frauen gegen die geplante Kopfsteuer der britischen Kolonialverwaltung zum „Frauenkrieg“ im Südosten Nigerias.
$150 million for roads and dams.
$150 million for roads and dams. Hoover thought it was enormous — enough to turn things around. It wasn't even close. By comparison, private construction that year collapsed by $6 billion. His own Commerce Secretary called it "a drop of whiskey in the Sahara." But Hoover genuinely believed voluntary cooperation and modest spending would fix everything, that massive federal intervention would destroy American character. Within two years, a quarter of the country was unemployed. His successor would spend $150 million in a single month, then keep going. Hoover's caution became the textbook case for doing too little, too late.
Der Film Emil und die Detektive von Gerhard Lamprecht und Billy Wilder nach dem gleichnamigen Roman von Erich Kästner…
Der Film Emil und die Detektive von Gerhard Lamprecht und Billy Wilder nach dem gleichnamigen Roman von Erich Kästner wird in Berlin uraufgeführt.
en la República de Weimar el general Schleicher es nombrado canciller.
en la República de Weimar el general Schleicher es nombrado canciller.
O primeiro-ministro da Itália fascista Benito Mussolini proclama a formação do Eixo Roma-Berlim.
O primeiro-ministro da Itália fascista Benito Mussolini proclama a formação do Eixo Roma-Berlim.
Getúlio Vargas extingue, através do Decreto nº 37, todos os partidos políticos.
Getúlio Vargas extingue, através do Decreto nº 37, todos os partidos políticos.
Naissance du Centre national d'enseignement à distance (CNED)[réf.
Naissance du Centre national d'enseignement à distance (CNED)[réf. nécessaire].
LaGuardia opened as the biggest, most modern airport in the world—and was immediately too small.
LaGuardia opened as the biggest, most modern airport in the world—and was immediately too small. Within months, airlines were begging for more gates. The terminal had art deco flourishes and a Marine Air Terminal that looked like a spaceship, but Mayor LaGuardia's real innovation was the location: he'd rejected a private field in New Jersey and insisted New York needed its own airport, in Queens, on a former dump and failed amusement park. He was right. By 1940, half of all U.S. air passengers passed through. Today it handles 31 million people a year and hasn't stopped complaining about being cramped since month two.
lettre de rupture adressée par Daniel Cordier à Charles Maurras.
lettre de rupture adressée par Daniel Cordier à Charles Maurras.
Fermi Ignites First Chain Reaction: Dawn of Nuclear Age
Enrico Fermi's team ignites Chicago Pile-1, triggering the world's first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction and proving atomic energy could be harnessed for power or weapons. This breakthrough instantly shifted global strategy, pushing Allied leaders to accelerate uranium enrichment programs that would soon yield the bombs ending the war.
German bombers hit Bari harbor in seventeen minutes.
German bombers hit Bari harbor in seventeen minutes. Thirty ships gone. One of them — the SS John Harvey — was carrying 2,000 mustard gas bombs, left over from the first war, just in case. The crew didn't know. The harbormaster didn't know. When the hull split open, liquid sulfur mustard mixed with burning oil and seawater, creating a toxic cloud that drifted over survivors in the water. By morning, 628 Allied servicemen and Italian civilians were blistered, blinded, choking. Eisenhower classified it immediately. Doctors treating the wounded weren't told what they were treating. Victims' medical records listed their injuries as "burns due to enemy action" — technically true, but missing the part where the enemy was us.
Inaugurada no Rio de Janeiro, pelo jornalista Roberto Marinho, a Rádio Globo.
Inaugurada no Rio de Janeiro, pelo jornalista Roberto Marinho, a Rádio Globo.
Ocorrem as eleições gerais de 1945 no Brasil, consideradas por historiadores a primeira eleição democrática brasileira.
Ocorrem as eleições gerais de 1945 no Brasil, consideradas por historiadores a primeira eleição democrática brasileira.
Mit der Unterzeichnung des Internationalen Übereinkommens zur Regelung des Walfangs durch 42 Nationen in Washington D…
Mit der Unterzeichnung des Internationalen Übereinkommens zur Regelung des Walfangs durch 42 Nationen in Washington DC wird die Internationale Walfangkommission (IWC) gegründet.
Vom US-Luftwaffenstützpunkt Norfolk aus startet die Operation Highjump unter der Leitung von Richard Evelyn Byrd.
Vom US-Luftwaffenstützpunkt Norfolk aus startet die Operation Highjump unter der Leitung von Richard Evelyn Byrd. Es handelt sich um eine der größten Antarktis-Forschungsexpeditionen aller Zeiten.
Four men, one impossible question: could they build a country together or would they have to tear it in two?
Four men, one impossible question: could they build a country together or would they have to tear it in two? Britain wanted a unified India. Nehru and the Congress wanted it secular. Jinnah wanted guarantees for Muslims that Nehru wouldn't give. Baldev Singh spoke for Sikhs caught between both visions. And Liaquat Ali Khan, Jinnah's right hand, knew compromise was already dead. The invitation came in December 1946. Eight months later, a million people were dead in Partition's riots. Britain got out. India got independence and Pakistan. But the Constituent Assembly? It only wrote one country's constitution.
Série de naufrágios de traineiras na costa do norte de Portugal causa 152 mortes entre pescadores.
Série de naufrágios de traineiras na costa do norte de Portugal causa 152 mortes entre pescadores.
The UN vote came November 29th.
The UN vote came November 29th. By December 2nd, six Jews and three Arabs were dead in Jerusalem's streets. Arab Higher Committee called a three-day strike. Jewish buses burned. Arab shops looted. British police—still technically in charge—fired on both sides and hit mostly bystanders. The riots spread to Jaffa, Haifa, Tel Aviv. What started as protest became pattern: 67 dead by year's end, most of them civilians caught between armed groups they didn't lead. The British had nine months left in their mandate. They spent it watching the partition plan dissolve into the war it was designed to prevent.
The UN adopted its first global treaty against sex trafficking.
The UN adopted its first global treaty against sex trafficking. But here's what made it radical: it didn't just ban forcing people into prostitution — it targeted the entire system, including brothel owners, pimps, and anyone profiting from someone else's body. Seventy-two countries eventually signed. The problem? Many never enforced it. Enforcement gaps meant traffickers just moved operations across borders. Today's anti-trafficking laws still wrestle with the same tension: whether to criminalize the buyers, the sellers, or try to protect people trapped in between.
Chinese Victory at Ch'ongch'on: UN Expelled from North Korea
Chinese forces shattered the UN advance at the Ch'ongch'on River, inflicting over 11,000 casualties and forcing a chaotic 120-mile retreat southward. This decisive rout ended any Allied hope of reunifying Korea by force and transformed the conflict into a grinding stalemate along the 38th parallel.
en Caracas (Venezuela), Marcos Pérez Jiménez, comandante del ejército, no reconoce los resultados electorales, perpet…
en Caracas (Venezuela), Marcos Pérez Jiménez, comandante del ejército, no reconoce los resultados electorales, perpetra un golpe de Estado y da inicio a una dictadura militar.
les États-Unis signent un traité de sécurité mutuelle avec Taïwan.
les États-Unis signent un traité de sécurité mutuelle avec Taïwan.
The Senate didn't condemn McCarthy for destroying careers or weaponizing paranoia.
The Senate didn't condemn McCarthy for destroying careers or weaponizing paranoia. They condemned him for being rude to other senators. Four years into his crusade, after hundreds of people lost jobs and reputations on unproven allegations, what finally turned 65 senators against him? He called one of them "a living miracle without brains or guts" and insulted a committee chair. The resolution never mentioned his treatment of accused communists. It cited "contempt" and "abuse" — of the Senate itself. Washington protected its own dignity while everyday Americans had already paid the price. The man who made "McCarthyism" a permanent entry in the dictionary was brought down by etiquette violations.
The US had just watched China fall to communism.
The US had just watched China fall to communism. Now Mao's forces were shelling islands Taiwan controlled—Quemoy, Matsu—and threatening invasion. Eisenhower's treaty drew a red line: attack Taiwan, fight America. But it included a loophole the US still uses today. Washington promised to defend Taiwan and "such other territories as may be determined"—vague enough that America never had to specify which islands counted. The pact lasted until 1980, when Carter switched recognition to Beijing. Taiwan kept the weapons and the ambiguity. Seventy years later, that same careful language—defending Taiwan without defining the borders—still keeps both sides guessing.
En La Habana, José Antonio Echevarría y Fructuoso Rodríguez son golpeados brutalmente por la policía batistana cuando…
En La Habana, José Antonio Echevarría y Fructuoso Rodríguez son golpeados brutalmente por la policía batistana cuando esta disuelve una manifestación de la FEU que intentaba entregarle un mensaje a Cosme de la Torriente, coronel del Ejército Libertador.
Eighty-two men crammed onto a yacht built for twelve.
Eighty-two men crammed onto a yacht built for twelve. The Granma was supposed to make Cuba in five days — it took seven, leaking and overloaded, while Fidel's coordinated uprising in Santiago fizzled without them. When they finally grounded in a mangrove swamp, not the planned beach, Batista's forces were waiting. Within three days, only twenty-two rebels survived the ambush. Che Guevara got shot and had to choose between his medical supplies and his ammunition box. He grabbed the ammo. Those twenty-two made it to the Sierra Maestra mountains, where they'd spend two years turning a disaster into a revolution. The boat that almost sank them is now in a glass museum case in Havana.
The UN asked India and Pakistan to stop fighting over Kashmir.
The UN asked India and Pakistan to stop fighting over Kashmir. Again. This was resolution number 126 — meaning the world body had already tried 125 times to solve this dispute. Neither side moved. The resolution called for both countries to respect the ceasefire line and work toward a plebiscite that would let Kashmiris choose their own future. That vote never happened. Today, seventy years later, Kashmir remains split, militarized, and claimed in full by both nations. The Line of Control runs through villages, separates families, and stays one of the world's most dangerous borders. Resolution 126 joined the others: filed, referenced, ignored.
Die regionalen Gemeinwirtschaftsbanken in Deutschland schließen sich zur gewerkschaftsnahen Bank für Gemeinwirtschaft…
Die regionalen Gemeinwirtschaftsbanken in Deutschland schließen sich zur gewerkschaftsnahen Bank für Gemeinwirtschaft mit Sitz in Frankfurt am Main zusammen.
au moment même de ladite catastrophe, à un autre bout de la France, le clown et artiste de cirque Achille Zavatta se …
au moment même de ladite catastrophe, à un autre bout de la France, le clown et artiste de cirque Achille Zavatta se réceptionne mal et douloureusement, dans un numéro de saut acrobatique de l'émission de cirque « La Piste aux étoiles », diffusée en direct sur l'(O)RTF, alors unique chaîne de télévision française. Psychologiquement, associant les deux événements, l'artiste ne souhaitera plus jamais retenter ce numéro.
Rupture du barrage de Malpasset à Fréjus.
Rupture du barrage de Malpasset à Fréjus.
Ocorre uma rebelião de militares da Força Aérea Brasileira por dois dias, a Revolta de Aragarças.
Ocorre uma rebelião de militares da Força Aérea Brasileira por dois dias, a Revolta de Aragarças.
Castro spoke for four hours on Cuban television.
Castro spoke for four hours on Cuban television. Not his longest speech — that record sits at seven hours and ten minutes — but this one severed the last thread. He'd spent two years dodging the question, calling his revolution "humanistic," insisting ideology didn't matter. American officials convinced themselves he was just a nationalist who'd come around. Wrong. "I am a Marxist-Leninist," he said, "and I will be one until the last day of my life." The declaration turned ninety miles of water into an ideological border that would freeze for decades. Trade stopped. Embargoes locked in. Thousands fled. And Moscow, which had been cautiously watching, opened the vault.
Mansfield just returned from Saigon with $2 billion in American aid already spent and nothing to show for it.
Mansfield just returned from Saigon with $2 billion in American aid already spent and nothing to show for it. The Senate Majority Leader—Kennedy's own party, his own request—told the President the war was unwinnable unless the South Vietnamese started fighting it themselves. First crack in the official optimism. Kennedy buried the report, marked it classified, kept sending advisors anyway. Mansfield's assessment would prove accurate within three years, but by then 16,000 American troops were already there, and the momentum had become unstoppable.
en España, el Gobierno crea el Tribunal de Orden Público, instancia judicial especial para la represión de delitos po…
en España, el Gobierno crea el Tribunal de Orden Público, instancia judicial especial para la represión de delitos políticos.
en La Habana se funda el Centro de Estudios Universitarios de Ingenierías y Arquitectura (CUJAE).
en La Habana se funda el Centro de Estudios Universitarios de Ingenierías y Arquitectura (CUJAE).
O Muro de Berlim, construído em 1961, é aberto para a passagem de pessoas acima de 65 anos.
O Muro de Berlim, construído em 1961, é aberto para a passagem de pessoas acima de 65 anos.
O Teatro Nacional D. Maria II em Lisboa é destruído por um incêndio.
O Teatro Nacional D. Maria II em Lisboa é destruído por um incêndio.
A Fairchild F-27 turboprop, carrying mostly Alaskan oil workers heading home for Christmas, plunged into the icy wate…
A Fairchild F-27 turboprop, carrying mostly Alaskan oil workers heading home for Christmas, plunged into the icy waters of Pedro Bay at 10:47 PM. The pilot had reported "everything normal" three minutes earlier. Wreckage scattered across a half-mile radius. Divers recovered 37 bodies over six weeks—two were never found. The probable cause: spatial disorientation in darkness over water, no visible horizon. Wien Consolidated, Alaska's oldest airline, would merge with Northern Consolidated just three years later. The crash remained Alaska's deadliest aviation disaster for decades, a reminder that even short flights over familiar territory can vanish in seconds.
O Boeing 747 realiza seu voo inaugural com 191 pessoas a bordo, a maioria jornalistas e fotógrafos.
O Boeing 747 realiza seu voo inaugural com 191 pessoas a bordo, a maioria jornalistas e fotógrafos.
Richard Nixon created it.
Richard Nixon created it. A Republican president. The same party that would later try to dismantle it. The EPA opened its doors with 4,000 employees and one job: force companies to stop poisoning America's air and water. Within two years, it banned DDT. Within three, it sued five cities for dumping raw sewage. The Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act followed fast. It worked. Lead levels in children's blood dropped 78% by 1991. Lake Erie stopped catching fire. Today it regulates 80,000 chemicals and employs 14,000 people. The agency that both parties once championed now survives budget cuts every election cycle—protecting clean air while fighting for its own breath.
Michel Foucault hält seine Antrittsvorlesung Die Ordnung des Diskurses am Collège de France.
Michel Foucault hält seine Antrittsvorlesung Die Ordnung des Diskurses am Collège de France.
en Marte aterriza la sonda soviética Mars 3, el primer vehículo humano que alcanza ese planeta.
en Marte aterriza la sonda soviética Mars 3, el primer vehículo humano que alcanza ese planeta.
Six emirates united to form the United Arab Emirates, ending their status as British protectorates and establishing a…
Six emirates united to form the United Arab Emirates, ending their status as British protectorates and establishing a new federal monarchy. This federation consolidated regional oil wealth and political influence, transforming a collection of disparate coastal sheikhdoms into a unified global power capable of rapid economic modernization and international diplomacy.
en Panamá, el Gobierno de Demetrio B. Lakas (1925-1999) reconoce el derecho de los indígenas a sus tierras.
en Panamá, el Gobierno de Demetrio B. Lakas (1925-1999) reconoce el derecho de los indígenas a sus tierras.
Gough Whitlam defeated William McMahon to become Australia's 21st Prime Minister, ending twenty-three years of Libera…
Gough Whitlam defeated William McMahon to become Australia's 21st Prime Minister, ending twenty-three years of Liberal-National Coalition rule. This victory propelled the Australian Labor Party back into power and immediately launched sweeping reforms that reshaped the nation's social safety net and foreign policy.
Gough Whitlam ended two decades of conservative rule by leading the Australian Labor Party to victory in the 1972 fed…
Gough Whitlam ended two decades of conservative rule by leading the Australian Labor Party to victory in the 1972 federal election. His win triggered a whirlwind of legislative reform, including the immediate withdrawal of troops from Vietnam, the abolition of university tuition fees, and the establishment of universal healthcare through the creation of Medibank.
La sonda Pioneer 10 sobrevuela el asteroide (307) Nike, aunque no recopila ningún tipo de información sobre este este…
La sonda Pioneer 10 sobrevuela el asteroide (307) Nike, aunque no recopila ningún tipo de información sobre este este asteroide.
In Deutschland gilt an diesem Tag ein Sonntagsfahrverbot auch für den PKW-Verkehr.
In Deutschland gilt an diesem Tag ein Sonntagsfahrverbot auch für den PKW-Verkehr.
A espaçonave Pioneer 11 chega em Júpiter.
A espaçonave Pioneer 11 chega em Júpiter.
Ein bedeutsames Aktienpaket der Stuttgarter Daimler-Benz AG wird vom Emirat Kuwait gekauft.
Ein bedeutsames Aktienpaket der Stuttgarter Daimler-Benz AG wird vom Emirat Kuwait gekauft.
Pathet Lao Seize Power: Laos Becomes Communist
Pathet Lao forces seized the Laotian capital of Vientiane, compelling King Sisavang Vatthana to abdicate and proclaiming the Lao People's Democratic Republic. This communist takeover completed the domino sequence across Indochina, ending six centuries of monarchy and aligning Laos firmly within Vietnam's sphere of influence.
abolition de la monarchie laotienne.
abolition de la monarchie laotienne.
Fidel Castro assumed the presidency of Cuba, consolidating his control by merging the roles of head of state and head…
Fidel Castro assumed the presidency of Cuba, consolidating his control by merging the roles of head of state and head of government. This restructuring of the Cuban constitution abolished the ceremonial presidency held by Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, cementing Castro’s absolute authority over the nation’s political and military apparatus for the next three decades.
The players wore white, bowled like always, and got paid real money.
The players wore white, bowled like always, and got paid real money. That last part was the scandal. Kerry Packer couldn't buy cricket broadcasting rights, so he bought the cricketers instead — signing 35 of the world's best in secret. When they showed up at VFL Park in Melbourne that December, traditionalists called it a circus. But the cricketers earned more in one series than they'd made in entire careers under the old system. Cricket boards worldwide panicked, then capitulated. Within three years, every major player was getting paid properly. Packer got his TV rights. And the "rebel" tournament that purists said would destroy cricket became the template for every professional cricket league since.
A Tupolev Tu-154 carrying pilgrims home from Mecca crashed near Benghazi after running out of fuel while circling in …
A Tupolev Tu-154 carrying pilgrims home from Mecca crashed near Benghazi after running out of fuel while circling in dense fog. The disaster claimed 59 lives and exposed critical failures in Libyan air traffic control, forcing the government to overhaul its aviation safety protocols and modernize landing infrastructure at the Benina International Airport.
dans une lettre adressée au secrétaire de l'ONU, Kurt Waldheim, à l'occasion du trentième anniversaire de la signatur…
dans une lettre adressée au secrétaire de l'ONU, Kurt Waldheim, à l'occasion du trentième anniversaire de la signature de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme de 1948, Jean-Paul II appelle tous les États à respecter la liberté de religion de ses citoyens. C'est la première déclaration officielle en ce sens lors de son pontificat (1978-2005).
en Argentina, es utilizado por última vez el estadio "Gasómetro" del Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro para alojar…
en Argentina, es utilizado por última vez el estadio "Gasómetro" del Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro para alojar un partido de fútbol.
Im US-Bundesstaat Alaska entstehen die Nationalparks Gates of the Arctic, Glacier Bay, Katmai, Kenai Fjords, Kobuk Va…
Im US-Bundesstaat Alaska entstehen die Nationalparks Gates of the Arctic, Glacier Bay, Katmai, Kenai Fjords, Kobuk Valley, Lake Clark und Wrangel-St. Elias.
Four American churchwomen — three nuns and a lay missionary — were driving from the airport when Salvadoran National …
Four American churchwomen — three nuns and a lay missionary — were driving from the airport when Salvadoran National Guardsmen stopped their van. Maryknoll Sisters Ita Ford and Maura Clarke, Ursuline Sister Dorothy Kazel, and Jean Donovan had been working with refugees fleeing government violence. The guardsmen raped and shot them, then buried the bodies in a shallow grave. When U.S. Ambassador Robert White viewed the scene, he found Donovan's rosary still clutched in her hand. The murders forced the Carter administration to briefly suspend military aid to El Salvador. But the Reagan administration restored it three months later, calling the killings a "traffic accident." The guardsmen served minimal sentences. The churchwomen had been warned to leave. They stayed anyway.
Der Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act tritt in Kraft.
Der Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act tritt in Kraft.
en El Salvador, ocho mujeres ―entre ellas las monjas estadounidenses Ita Ford, Maura Clarke, Jean Donovan y Dorothy K…
en El Salvador, ocho mujeres ―entre ellas las monjas estadounidenses Ita Ford, Maura Clarke, Jean Donovan y Dorothy Kazel― son violadas y asesinadas por los «escuadrones de la muerte» de la dictadura de derechas autodenominada Junta «Revolucionaria» de Gobierno.
Four women drove from the airport in borrowed clothes.
Four women drove from the airport in borrowed clothes. The Salvadoran National Guard stopped them on a dirt road, raped them, shot them, and buried the bodies in a shallow grave. Ita Ford and Maura Clarke were Maryknoll nuns. Dorothy Kazel was an Ursuline sister. Jean Donovan was a 27-year-old lay missionary who'd given up Cleveland and an accounting career to work with refugees. Ambassador Robert White found their van burned out the next day. The U.S. suspended aid for exactly one month. Reagan's incoming team called them "political activists" and restored military funding within weeks. Five guardsmen eventually served reduced sentences. The officer who ordered it was never touched.
Edward Gierek, bis zu seiner Absetzung im September 1980 Erster Sekretär und damit Vorsitzender der Polnischen Verein…
Edward Gierek, bis zu seiner Absetzung im September 1980 Erster Sekretär und damit Vorsitzender der Polnischen Vereinigten Arbeiterpartei, wird auf Beschluss des Zentralkomitees aus dieser ausgeschlossen.
en Madrid, Pedro Laín Entralgo es elegido director de la Real Academia Española.
en Madrid, Pedro Laín Entralgo es elegido director de la Real Academia Española.
Programa Antártico Brasileiro: Navio de Apoio Oceanográfico NApOc Barão de Teffé (H-42), participou da instalação do …
Programa Antártico Brasileiro: Navio de Apoio Oceanográfico NApOc Barão de Teffé (H-42), participou da instalação do farolete Comandante Ferraz na ilha do Rei George.
Barney Clark survived for 112 days after surgeons implanted a mechanical heart at the University of Utah, proving hum…
Barney Clark survived for 112 days after surgeons implanted a mechanical heart at the University of Utah, proving humans could live with artificial circulation. This breakthrough forced medical teams to confront severe ethical questions about resource allocation and quality of life, shifting transplant protocols from experimental curiosity to rigorous clinical reality.
Artificial Heart Implanted: Jarvik Saves Barney Clark
William DeVries implanted the first permanent artificial heart into retired dentist Barney Bailey Clark on December 2, 1982, launching a new era of cardiac surgery that proved humans could survive months with mechanical hearts. This breakthrough directly enabled the creation of the modern SynCardia Total Artificial Heart, which now serves as a life-saving bridge to transplantation for over 1,350 patients worldwide.
en España, Felipe González es elegido como presidente del Gobierno.
en España, Felipe González es elegido como presidente del Gobierno.
Die Immunität des deutschen Bundeswirtschaftsministers Otto Graf Lambsdorff wird auf Antrag der Bonner Staatsanwaltsc…
Die Immunität des deutschen Bundeswirtschaftsministers Otto Graf Lambsdorff wird auf Antrag der Bonner Staatsanwaltschaft aufgehoben. Sie ermittelt im Rahmen der Flick-Affäre.
en Estados Unidos, el cantante Michael Jackson estrena el videoclip de la canción «Thriller» perteneciente al álbum h…
en Estados Unidos, el cantante Michael Jackson estrena el videoclip de la canción «Thriller» perteneciente al álbum homónimo. El videoclip logra tal impacto a nivel mundial que el año 2009 el Congreso de Estados Unidos lo declaró patrimonio histórico de ese país.
Leonardo Vitale (it), mafieux repenti, est assassiné dans une église, sous les yeux de sa famille, pour avoir dénoncé…
Leonardo Vitale (it), mafieux repenti, est assassiné dans une église, sous les yeux de sa famille, pour avoir dénoncé Totò Riina, Bernardo Provenzano, Michele Greco, et Vito Ciancimino.
a las 19:40 hora mundial ―que en la India son las 0:40 de la medianoche ya del 3 de diciembre― en la ciudad de Bhopal…
a las 19:40 hora mundial ―que en la India son las 0:40 de la medianoche ya del 3 de diciembre― en la ciudad de Bhopal (India) se produce una fuga de pesticida en una fábrica de la empresa estadounidense Union Carbide. Producirá entre 10 000 y 25 000 muertes, y al menos 558 000 enfermos.
en un túnel a 271 metros bajo tierra, en el área U12p.02 del sitio de pruebas atómicas de Nevada (a unos 105 km al no…
en un túnel a 271 metros bajo tierra, en el área U12p.02 del sitio de pruebas atómicas de Nevada (a unos 105 km al noroeste de la ciudad de Las Vegas), a las 8:00:00.084 (hora local) Estados Unidos detona su bomba atómica Mission Cyber, de 2 kilotones. Es la bomba n.º 1069 de las 1132 que Estados Unidos detonó entre 1945 y 1992.
España y el Reino Unido llegan a un acuerdo en Londres sobre el uso conjunto del aeropuerto de Gibraltar.
España y el Reino Unido llegan a un acuerdo en Londres sobre el uso conjunto del aeropuerto de Gibraltar.
She was 35.
She was 35. Her father had been executed by the regime that imprisoned her. Now she stood before Pakistan's assembly — pregnant, wearing her signature white headscarf — taking an oath no woman had taken in any Muslim-majority nation. The generals who'd jailed her twice watched from their seats. She'd spent years under house arrest reading philosophy and poetry, planning this exact moment. Her swearing-in lasted eleven minutes. Within weeks, she'd face her first coup attempt. But that December morning, when she raised her right hand, 100 million Pakistanis saw their democracy return in the form everyone said was impossible. Eight years later, she'd be dismissed for corruption. Twenty years later, assassinated. But first: this.
Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted off on a top-secret mission for the Pentagon, carrying sensitive payloads that remained…
Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted off on a top-secret mission for the Pentagon, carrying sensitive payloads that remained hidden from public view. This flight proved the shuttle could operate under strict security protocols, enabling future defense satellites to launch without revealing their capabilities or destinations. The successful deployment cemented the program's dual-use nature, blending civilian spaceflight with national security requirements.
The Malayan Communist Party signs the Hat Yai peace agreement with Malaysia and Thailand, officially ending a twenty-…
The Malayan Communist Party signs the Hat Yai peace agreement with Malaysia and Thailand, officially ending a twenty-year communist insurgency that had plagued the region since 1968. This deal dismantled the MCP's armed struggle, allowing former fighters to reintegrate into civilian life and stabilizing Southeast Asian borders for decades to come.
premières élections législatives panallemandes libres depuis 1932, largement remportées par l'Union chrétienne-démocr…
premières élections législatives panallemandes libres depuis 1932, largement remportées par l'Union chrétienne-démocrate du chancelier Helmut Kohl (et par Lothar de Maizière).
Space Shuttle Columbia roared into orbit carrying the ASTRO-1 observatory to map the universe in ultraviolet and X-ra…
Space Shuttle Columbia roared into orbit carrying the ASTRO-1 observatory to map the universe in ultraviolet and X-ray light. This mission provided astronomers with their first high-resolution look at distant galaxies and stellar phenomena, expanding the reach of space-based telescopes beyond the limitations of the Earth’s atmosphere.
En los Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe celebrados en México, la cubana Aliuska López establece un récord en los …
En los Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe celebrados en México, la cubana Aliuska López establece un récord en los 100 metros con vallas, con registro de 12,94.
en la Alemania reunificada se realizan las primeras elecciones.
en la Alemania reunificada se realizan las primeras elecciones.
القوات المتمردة في تشاد بزعامة إدريس ديبي تسيطر على العاصمة إنجامينا.
القوات المتمردة في تشاد بزعامة إدريس ديبي تسيطر على العاصمة إنجامينا.
Helmut Kohl's Christian Democrats swept Germany's first unified vote in 58 years with 43.8% — winning both halves of …
Helmut Kohl's Christian Democrats swept Germany's first unified vote in 58 years with 43.8% — winning both halves of a country that didn't legally exist four months earlier. East Germans, casting ballots without Stasi watchers for the first time, voted nearly identical to their Western counterparts. The margin gave Kohl the mandate to ram through reunification terms Moscow hated: NATO membership for the whole country, no nuclear restrictions, and East German territory absorbed wholesale. Within a year, the Deutsche Mark replaced the Ostmark at a politically generous 1:1 rate that bankrupted East German industry overnight but kept voters happy. Democracy returned. So did 20% Eastern unemployment.
en Moscú, por decreto oficial, se restaura la Academia de Ciencias de Rusia.
en Moscú, por decreto oficial, se restaura la Academia de Ciencias de Rusia.
Canada and Poland didn't hesitate.
Canada and Poland didn't hesitate. Hours after Ukraine's parliament declared independence on August 24, 1991, both countries drafted recognition documents — beating every other nation, including Ukraine's immediate neighbors. Canada moved fastest because 1.2 million Ukrainian-Canadians had lobbied for exactly this moment since 1945. Poland saw its own future in Ukraine's break from Moscow. The Soviet Union still had two months left to exist. But these two countries had already glimpsed what came next: fifteen new nations, a redrawn map, and the end of an empire that most diplomats thought would last decades more. Within three days, forty countries followed their lead.
The crew didn't know what they were carrying.
The crew didn't know what they were carrying. Discovery lifted off with a 4,854-pound cargo shrouded in classification — the final Shuttle payload so secret the astronauts themselves couldn't discuss it. The Defense Support Program satellite they deployed would watch for missile launches from 22,000 miles up, a Cold War eye that outlasted the war itself. STS-53 marked the end of an era: never again would DOD missions fly on the Shuttle. After Challenger, the Pentagon had already started shifting back to unmanned rockets. This flight was a contractual obligation, a goodbye wrapped in secrecy. The satellite they left in orbit? Still watching, three decades later.
en Japón sale a la venta el videojuego Final Fantasy V.
en Japón sale a la venta el videojuego Final Fantasy V.
The Hubble had been orbiting Earth for three years, sending back blurry images—a $1.5 billion embarrassment caused by…
The Hubble had been orbiting Earth for three years, sending back blurry images—a $1.5 billion embarrassment caused by a mirror ground 2.2 microns too flat. NASA's solution: send seven astronauts on five back-to-back spacewalks, each lasting six to seven hours, to install corrective optics the size of a phone booth while traveling 17,500 mph. The crew performed what some called surgery in space, replacing gyroscopes, solar panels, and inserting COSTAR—essentially prescription glasses for a telescope. After the final spacewalk, Endeavour backed away. The first post-repair images arrived weeks later, and they were razor sharp. Hubble went from punchline to humanity's greatest visual achievement, rewriting cosmology for the next three decades.
Pablo Escobar Killed: The End of Colombia's Drug War Era
Colombian authorities cornered Pablo Escobar on a Medellín rooftop and shot him dead during a tense standoff. His death instantly shattered the Medellín Cartel's monopoly, triggering a violent fragmentation that scattered power among smaller, more unpredictable criminal groups across Latin America.
In Frankfurt am Main wird erstmals im deutschen Bundesgebiet ein Drogenkonsumraum für Heroinsüchtige auf Basis des Be…
In Frankfurt am Main wird erstmals im deutschen Bundesgebiet ein Drogenkonsumraum für Heroinsüchtige auf Basis des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes eingerichtet.
lancement de SoHo, à bord d'une fusée Atlas II, depuis Cap Canaveral en Floride (États-Unis).
lancement de SoHo, à bord d'une fusée Atlas II, depuis Cap Canaveral en Floride (États-Unis).
en Doha, el Consejo Olímpico de Asia da a conocer la nueva bandera oficial de la organización.
en Doha, el Consejo Olímpico de Asia da a conocer la nueva bandera oficial de la organización.
Das Fürstentum Liechtenstein erhält ein eigenes Erzbistum, das vom Schweizer Bistum Chur abgetrennt wird.
Das Fürstentum Liechtenstein erhält ein eigenes Erzbistum, das vom Schweizer Bistum Chur abgetrennt wird. Die Katholiken im Land führen heftige Diskussionen über die päpstliche Entscheidung.
O presídio da Ilha Grande, no Rio de Janeiro, desativado em 1993, se torna um dos maiores centros de pesquisa ambient…
O presídio da Ilha Grande, no Rio de Janeiro, desativado em 1993, se torna um dos maiores centros de pesquisa ambiental da América Latina.
Borussia Dortmund gewinnt den Weltpokal gegen Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte.
Borussia Dortmund gewinnt den Weltpokal gegen Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte.
A Autoridade Palestina é ameaçada por extremistas islâmicos depois de prender ativistas do grupo Hamas.
A Autoridade Palestina é ameaçada por extremistas islâmicos depois de prender ativistas do grupo Hamas.
Zum ersten Mal seit 1972 erhält Nordirland seine Autonomie wieder.
Zum ersten Mal seit 1972 erhält Nordirland seine Autonomie wieder.
The United Kingdom transferred governance to the newly formed Northern Ireland Executive, ending direct rule from London.
The United Kingdom transferred governance to the newly formed Northern Ireland Executive, ending direct rule from London. This shift operationalized the Good Friday Agreement, granting local ministers authority over regional affairs and establishing a power-sharing government between unionists and nationalists to resolve decades of sectarian conflict.
le magazine scientifique Nature annonce le décryptage inédit de la structure d'un chromosome humain 22 par une équipe…
le magazine scientifique Nature annonce le décryptage inédit de la structure d'un chromosome humain 22 par une équipe britannique internationale de chercheurs, vers une première cartographie du génome humain.
la Unesco le otorga a San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Canarias) el título de Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad.
la Unesco le otorga a San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Canarias) el título de Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad.
Seven dead.
Seven dead. Forty injured. Two trains collided head-on near Glenbrook, west of Sydney, because one driver missed a red signal by 600 meters. The surviving driver, a 29-year-old with an unblemished record, radioed "Mayday" seconds before impact. Speed: 115 kilometers per hour. The front carriages crumpled like paper. Investigators found the signal system worked perfectly — human error, pure and simple. Australia's deadliest rail disaster in two decades led to automatic train protection systems across New South Wales, technology that physically stops trains that run red lights. One man's mistake became the death of manual-only operation.
en la sala Metro de Chicago, el grupo estadounidense The Smashing Pumpkins da su último concierto.
en la sala Metro de Chicago, el grupo estadounidense The Smashing Pumpkins da su último concierto.
Enron Files for Bankruptcy: America's Largest Corporate Fraud Unfolds
Enron filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, instantly wiping out billions in shareholder value and triggering a cascade of job losses across the energy sector. This collapse exposed massive accounting fraud that forced Congress to pass the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, fundamentally overhauling corporate governance and financial reporting standards for decades.
Último voo da companhia aérea TWA com o pouso de seu MD-80 em St. Louis.
Último voo da companhia aérea TWA com o pouso de seu MD-80 em St. Louis.
Ein vom Darmstädter GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (damals Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung) erst…
Ein vom Darmstädter GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (damals Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung) erstmals nachgewiesenes chemisches Element erhält zu ihren Ehren den Namen Darmstadtium.
Vier leitende Angestellte des Halbleiter-Herstellers Infineon werden in den USA wegen illegaler Preisabsprachen zu Ge…
Vier leitende Angestellte des Halbleiter-Herstellers Infineon werden in den USA wegen illegaler Preisabsprachen zu Geld- und Haftstrafen verurteilt.
les députés belges approuvent la proposition de loi accordant le droit à l'adoption par les couples homosexuels.
les députés belges approuvent la proposition de loi accordant le droit à l'adoption par les couples homosexuels.
Die tausendste Hinrichtung in den USA seit 1976 wird im Gefängnis von Raleigh, North Carolina, an Kenneth Lee Boyd vo…
Die tausendste Hinrichtung in den USA seit 1976 wird im Gefängnis von Raleigh, North Carolina, an Kenneth Lee Boyd vollzogen.
en Europa se lanza la consola Xbox 360.
en Europa se lanza la consola Xbox 360.
en Colombia se inaugura el parque nacional del Chicamocha (PanaChi).
en Colombia se inaugura el parque nacional del Chicamocha (PanaChi).
fin de l'opération Babylone antique (it).
fin de l'opération Babylone antique (it). Les forces armées italiennes se retirent d'Irak, après trois ans et demi de présence.
en Japón se lanza la consola Wii de Nintendo.
en Japón se lanza la consola Wii de Nintendo.
en el Palau Sant Jordi de Barcelona, la banda argentina de pop comercial Erreway empieza su primera gira por España.
en el Palau Sant Jordi de Barcelona, la banda argentina de pop comercial Erreway empieza su primera gira por España.
en México, el conservador Felipe Calderón asume como presidente.
en México, el conservador Felipe Calderón asume como presidente.
Governo Federal anuncia o início das transmissões da televisão digital no Brasil.
Governo Federal anuncia o início das transmissões da televisão digital no Brasil.
en Argentina, el Club Atlético Lanús se consagra por primera vez campeón nacional de fútbol.
en Argentina, el Club Atlético Lanús se consagra por primera vez campeón nacional de fútbol.
Fundação da emissora de televisão pública TV Brasil, resultado da fusão da TVE Brasil, do Rio de Janeiro, TVE Maranhã…
Fundação da emissora de televisão pública TV Brasil, resultado da fusão da TVE Brasil, do Rio de Janeiro, TVE Maranhão, de São Luís, e TV Nacional, de Brasília. Hoje a emissora possui afiliadas em todos os estados do Brasil e é a quinta maior emissora de televisão do país em audiência.
en Venezuela, el presidente Hugo Chávez organiza unas elecciones consultivas sobre un referéndum constitucional.
en Venezuela, el presidente Hugo Chávez organiza unas elecciones consultivas sobre un referéndum constitucional.
Thailand’s Constitutional Court dissolved the ruling People Power Party, forcing Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat to …
Thailand’s Constitutional Court dissolved the ruling People Power Party, forcing Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat to resign immediately. This ruling ended months of paralyzing protests by the People's Alliance for Democracy, which had occupied Bangkok’s international airports. The collapse of the government deepened the country's long-standing divide between urban royalists and the rural supporters of Thaksin Shinawatra.
Liga de Quito se consagra campeón por primera vez de la Copa Sudamericana venciendo en el resultado global 5-4 ante e…
Liga de Quito se consagra campeón por primera vez de la Copa Sudamericana venciendo en el resultado global 5-4 ante el Fluminense siendo el primer equipo ecuatoriano en ganarla.
la FIFA otorga la XXI edición de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol a Rusia la cual se llevó a cabo del 8 de junio al 8 de jul…
la FIFA otorga la XXI edición de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol a Rusia la cual se llevó a cabo del 8 de junio al 8 de julio de 2018. Así mismo, otorgó la XXII edición de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol a Catar la cual se llevó a cabo del 20 de noviembre al 18 de diciembre de 2022. Fue la primera vez que el mundial se celebró en Europa Oriental y en el Medio Oriente. El calor de verano catarí llevó a que la organización haga coincidir las fechas del evento con la llegada del invierno.
Borut Pahor est élu président de la Slovénie.
Borut Pahor est élu président de la Slovénie.
إطلاق صحيفة الرؤية الإماراتية بمدينة دبي للإعلام.
إطلاق صحيفة الرؤية الإماراتية بمدينة دبي للإعلام.
en España, el Gobierno comunica que ha terminado la epidemia de ébola tras 56 días desde la aparición del virus.
en España, el Gobierno comunica que ha terminado la epidemia de ébola tras 56 días desde la aparición del virus.
Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik opened fire at the Inland Regional Center, killing fourteen people and wounding…
Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik opened fire at the Inland Regional Center, killing fourteen people and wounding twenty-two more. This massacre triggered a massive federal manhunt that exposed critical gaps in domestic terrorism surveillance and reshaped how U.S. agencies coordinate between intelligence and law enforcement on home soil.
مارك زوكربيرغ مؤسس فيس بوك وزوجته بريسيلا تشان يعلنان تبرعهما بنسبة 99% من ثروتهما لصالح الأعمال الخيرية بعد أن رزقا…
مارك زوكربيرغ مؤسس فيس بوك وزوجته بريسيلا تشان يعلنان تبرعهما بنسبة 99% من ثروتهما لصالح الأعمال الخيرية بعد أن رزقا بمولود.
en el distrito San Bernardino de Los Ángeles (California) a 106 km del centro de la ciudad, una pareja casada de paki…
en el distrito San Bernardino de Los Ángeles (California) a 106 km del centro de la ciudad, una pareja casada de pakistaníes islamistas asesinan a tiros a 14 personas y hieren a 22.
en Chile, el Club Universidad de Chile derrota por última a vez a su archirrival Club Social y Deportivo Colo Colo, e…
en Chile, el Club Universidad de Chile derrota por última a vez a su archirrival Club Social y Deportivo Colo Colo, en el Estadio La Portada de La Serena, por la Final de la Copa Chile 2015, 5-3 en penaltis tras empatar 1-1 en los 90 minutos.
l'European Investigative Collaborations dévoile les Football Leaks.
l'European Investigative Collaborations dévoile les Football Leaks.
A blaze consumes a converted Oakland warehouse housing an artist collective, claiming thirty-six lives.
A blaze consumes a converted Oakland warehouse housing an artist collective, claiming thirty-six lives. The tragedy forces immediate scrutiny of safety codes for adaptive reuse buildings and sparks nationwide reforms to protect creative communities from similar disasters.
The UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs officially removes cannabis from its schedule of most dangerous substances, endin…
The UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs officially removes cannabis from its schedule of most dangerous substances, ending decades of blanket prohibition under international law. This reclassification forces member states to reconsider their domestic policies and opens pathways for regulated medical research that were previously blocked by the treaty's strictest category.
en el parque Carlos Manuel de Céspedes de Manzanillo (provincia de Granma) reciben medalla conmemorativa Aniversario …
en el parque Carlos Manuel de Céspedes de Manzanillo (provincia de Granma) reciben medalla conmemorativa Aniversario 50 del Movimiento de la Nueva Trova Pedro Enrique Vera Portales (periodista), Wilfredo Pachy Naranjo (Premio Nacional de la Música), Cándido Fabré, la emisora Radio Granma, el canal comunitario Golfovisión y el edificio sede del Gobierno local. También se declara a la Trova Cubana como patrimonio cultural inmaterial de la Nación.
en France, une attaque au couteau fait un mort et deux blessés à Paris, le parquet antiterroriste se saisit de l'enquête.
en France, une attaque au couteau fait un mort et deux blessés à Paris, le parquet antiterroriste se saisit de l'enquête.