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October 14

Deaths

567 deaths recorded on October 14 throughout history

Quote of the Day

“If you want total security, go to prison. There you're fed, clothed, given medical care and so on. The only thing lacking... is freedom.”

Medieval 40
530

Antipope Dioscorus

Dioscorus was pope for 22 days in 530. Then he wasn't. Boniface II was elected by a rival faction at the same time. Dioscorus died before the church could settle it. Boniface called him an antipope. Technically, nobody knows who was right. The church went with the survivor. History belongs to whoever lives longest.

841

Shi Yuanzhong

Shi Yuanzhong governed a Chinese province during the Tang Dynasty and was executed after a factional power struggle. Court politics in the 9th century were lethal. Governors rose and fell with emperors. He fell. The dynasty lasted another 66 years without him.

859

Liupram, Erzbischof von Salzburg

Liupram, Erzbischof von Salzburg

869

Pang Xun

Pang Xun led a rebellion of 800 soldiers who mutinied over unpaid wages in 868. Within a year, he commanded an army of 200,000. The Tang Dynasty crushed the revolt and executed him. Rebellions in medieval China grew fast and ended violently. His lasted 14 months.

962

Gerloc

Gerloc was a Viking princess who converted to Christianity, married a duke, and became a Frankish noblewoman. She changed her name to Adele. She traded Norse gods for a French title. Her descendants ruled Aquitaine for generations. She erased her past and built a dynasty.

996

Al-Aziz Billah

Al-Aziz Billah ruled the Fatimid Caliphate from Cairo for 21 years. He married a Christian woman and appointed her brothers to high positions, including one as patriarch. He built mosques and churches side by side. When he died at 41 during a military campaign, his 11-year-old son inherited an empire stretching from Tunisia to Syria. That tolerance didn't survive him.

1047

Enrique VII, conde de Luxenburgo y duque de Baviera (n.

Enrique VII, conde de Luxenburgo y duque de Baviera (n. 1005).

1066

Taillefer, normannischer Barde

Taillefer, normannischer Barde

1066

Harold Godwinson

Harold Godwinson became king in January 1066. He defeated a Norwegian invasion in the north in September, then marched his exhausted army 250 miles south in four days. An arrow hit him in the eye at Hastings. Probably. The Bayeux Mix is ambiguous. Nine months as king, two battles, one of which ended England as an Anglo-Saxon nation.

1066

Battle of Hastings: Harold Godwinson

Harold Godwinson falls at Hastings alongside his brothers Leofwine and Gyrth, ending Anglo-Saxon rule in England. William the Conqueror seizes the throne, driving a complete overhaul of English law, language, and aristocracy that transforms the nation for centuries.

1077

Andronikos Doukas

Andronikos Doukas commanded Byzantine armies, then betrayed Emperor Romanos IV at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, retreating and leaving the emperor to be captured. The empire never recovered. He was blinded as punishment. Byzantium fell 382 years later, but Manzikert was the beginning.

1092

Nizam al-Mulk

Nizam al-Mulk ran the Seljuk Empire for 30 years as vizier, building madrasas across Persia and writing The Book of Government — a manual on statecraft still studied today. An assassin from the Nizari Ismaili sect stabbed him on the road near Sihna. He died from the wound days later. The order that killed him bore his name: the Nizaris were fighting his power.

1103

Humbert II, comte de Savoie (° après 1065).

Humbert II, comte de Savoie (° après 1065).

1127

Heinrich II.

Heinrich II. von Werl, Bischof von Paderborn

1152

Rudolf I., Graf von Valois und Vermandois, Seneschall von Frankreich

Rudolf I., Graf von Valois und Vermandois, Seneschall von Frankreich

1153

Henri Murdac, prélat britannique (° inconnue).

Henri Murdac, prélat britannique (° inconnue).

1172

Ludwig II., Landgraf von Thüringen

Ludwig II., Landgraf von Thüringen

1184

Yusuf I

Yusuf I ruled the Almohad Caliphate from Morocco to Spain, commanding an empire that stretched across North Africa. He died in 1184 after falling from his horse. Empires don't end with battles sometimes. Sometimes a horse stumbles.

1185

Alan von Auxerre, Bischof von Auxerre

Alan von Auxerre, Bischof von Auxerre

1211

Fernando de Castilla, infanta de Castilla (n.

Fernando de Castilla, infanta de Castilla (n. 1189).

1213

Geoffrey Fitz Peter

Geoffrey Fitz Peter served as Chief Justiciar of England under King John, essentially running the government while the king fought wars. He died in 1213, three years before John was forced to sign Magna Carta. He kept the kingdom functioning. Someone else got the credit.

1216

Konrad von Rodank, Bischof von Brixen

Konrad von Rodank, Bischof von Brixen

1217

Isabella

Isabella of Angoulême married King John of England when she was 12 and he was 32. She gave him five children, outlived him, then married a French count and had nine more. She lived through the Magna Carta, two kings, and three husbands. She died at about 44.

1240

Razia Sultana

Razia Sultana ruled the Delhi Sultanate as its only female sultan, taking the throne in 1236 after her father's death. She refused to veil herself, wore men's clothing, and led armies. Nobles rebelled. She was killed after three years. No woman ruled Delhi again for 600 years.

1242

Elger IV.

Elger IV. zu Hohenstein, erster Prior des Eisenacher Dominikanerklosters sowie Ratgeber und Vertrauter Heinrich Raspes

1243

Hedwige de Silésie, religieuse polonaise, sainte de l'Église catholique (° 1174).

Hedwige de Silésie, religieuse polonaise, sainte de l'Église catholique (° 1174).

1256

Kujō Yoritsugu

Kujō Yoritsugu became shogun of Japan at age six in 1244. He was a puppet, a figurehead controlled by the Hōjō regents. He held the title for eight years, then was forced to retire. He died in 1256 at 17. He'd been the most powerful person in Japan and had controlled nothing.

1279

Waléran IV, duc de Limbourg (° 1246).

Waléran IV, duc de Limbourg (° 1246).

1292

Johann von Flandern, Bischof von Lüttich und Metz

Johann von Flandern, Bischof von Lüttich und Metz

1310

Blanche d'Anjou, reine d'Aragon de 1295 à 1310 (° 1280).

Blanche d'Anjou, reine d'Aragon de 1295 à 1310 (° 1280).

1318

Edward Bruce

Edward Bruce invaded Ireland in 1315 to become its king. He was Robert the Bruce's brother. He won battles for three years. He crowned himself king. Then he lost one battle at Faughart and died. His head was sent to England. His kingdom lasted three years. Ireland forgot him.

1347

Peter I. von Rosenberg, Landeshauptmann in Böhmen

Peter I. von Rosenberg, Landeshauptmann in Böhmen

1355

John de Lisle, englischer Adeliger und Militär

John de Lisle, englischer Adeliger und Militär

1366

Ibn Nubata

Ibn Nubata was the most celebrated Arab poet of the 14th century. He wrote ornate, rhetorical verse that audiences memorized and recited. His qasidas were performed in courts from Cairo to Damascus. He died at 79 after a lifetime of public performance. His poems were meant to be heard, not read.

1416

Henry the Mild

Henry the Mild ruled Brunswick-Lüneburg for 55 years, earning his nickname by avoiding wars. He inherited at 12, ruled until 67, and kept his duchy intact through diplomacy. Mildness was a strategy. It worked longer than conquest.

1424

Otto IV.

Otto IV. von Hoya, Bischof von Münster

1437

Simon von Utrecht, Hamburger Schiffshauptmann aus den Niederlanden

Simon von Utrecht, Hamburger Schiffshauptmann aus den Niederlanden

1477

Friedrich von Sparneck, Gründer des Klosters Sparneck

Friedrich von Sparneck, Gründer des Klosters Sparneck

1479

Margarete von Bayern, Prinzessin von Bayern-München und Markgräfin von Mantua

Margarete von Bayern, Prinzessin von Bayern-München und Markgräfin von Mantua

1495

Otto IV., Graf von Waldeck zu Landau

Otto IV., Graf von Waldeck zu Landau

1500s 13
1517

Hugues des Hazards, prélat français (° 1454).

Hugues des Hazards, prélat français (° 1454).

1536

Garcilaso de la Vega

Garcilaso de la Vega fought in battles across Europe for Charles V. He wrote love poems between campaigns. He was wounded storming a fortress in France and died three weeks later at 33. He left behind 40 sonnets that introduced Italian Renaissance style to Spanish poetry. He barely lived long enough to finish them.

1539

Floris van Egmond, niederländischer Staatsmann und Militär

Floris van Egmond, niederländischer Staatsmann und Militär

1541

Matthäus von Pappenheim, deutscher Humanist, Historiker, Genealoge und Domherr

Matthäus von Pappenheim, deutscher Humanist, Historiker, Genealoge und Domherr

1546

Johann Magenbuch, deutscher Mediziner und Leibarzt

Johann Magenbuch, deutscher Mediziner und Leibarzt

1552

Oswald Myconius

Oswald Myconius succeeded Huldrych Zwingli as chief pastor of Basel after Zwingli died in battle. He'd been a schoolteacher before becoming a reformer, teaching at schools in Zurich and Lucerne. He translated the Bible into German alongside others. He died believing he'd merely continued what Zwingli started.

1558

Mellin de Saint-Gelais, poète français (° vers 1491).

Mellin de Saint-Gelais, poète français (° vers 1491).

1565

Thomas Chaloner

Thomas Chaloner was sent to Spain as a diplomat, learned Spanish, and translated Erasmus's 'Praise of Folly' into English. He also wrote poetry mocking the Catholic Church. When Mary I took the throne, he fled to Europe. Elizabeth I brought him back and made him a knight. His translation outlasted both queens.

1567

Barbara von Heppenheim genannt vom Saal, deutsche Adelige und Äbtissin

Barbara von Heppenheim genannt vom Saal, deutsche Adelige und Äbtissin

1568

Jacques Arcadelt

Jacques Arcadelt wrote madrigals so popular that they were still being published a century after his death. His "Il bianco e dolce cigno" was the Spotify hit of the 1540s. He worked for the Pope. He died in Paris. Nobody knows where he's buried. The music survived anyway.

1576

Konrad Heresbach, deutscher Humanist

Konrad Heresbach, deutscher Humanist

1580

Jos Murer, Schweizer Glasmaler, Kartograf und Dramatiker

Jos Murer, Schweizer Glasmaler, Kartograf und Dramatiker

1595

Owen Lewis, sacerdote galês (n.

Owen Lewis, sacerdote galês (n. 1533).

1600s 25
1610

Amago Yoshihisa

Amago Yoshihisa fought for 30 years to restore his clan's power, lost everything, went blind, and spent his final years as a wandering monk. He'd once controlled six provinces. He died in Kyoto with nothing. His retainers remembered him for never surrendering. Stubbornness and loyalty look the same from a distance.

1611

Henriette de Savoie-Villars, Herzogin von Mayenne

Henriette de Savoie-Villars, Herzogin von Mayenne

1616

Martin Brenner, Fürstbischof von Seckau

Martin Brenner, Fürstbischof von Seckau

1617

Isaac Arnauld, intendant français (° 1566).

Isaac Arnauld, intendant français (° 1566).

1618

Gervase Clifton

Gervase Clifton was made a baron by James I and died the same year, holding his title for months. He was a Nottinghamshire landowner who got his peerage at 48. He didn't live to enjoy it. His son inherited immediately.

1619

Samuel Daniel

Samuel Daniel wrote masques for King James I's court. He was England's Poet Laureate. He wrote a 5,000-line poem about the Wars of the Roses. He argued with Ben Jonson about poetry. Jonson won the argument. Daniel's books went out of print. Jonson's didn't. History picks its poets carefully.

1623

Jürgen Röttger, deutscher Steinmetz und Bildhauer

Jürgen Röttger, deutscher Steinmetz und Bildhauer

1631

Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow was Queen of Denmark and Norway for 37 years. She gave birth to seven children who survived to adulthood, including Christian IV, who became Denmark's longest-reigning monarch. She collected astronomical instruments and funded Tycho Brahe's observatory. When she died at 74, she'd outlived her husband by 19 years and watched her son rule for three decades.

1632

François II, duc de Lorraine (° 27 février 1572).

François II, duc de Lorraine (° 27 février 1572).

1637

Gabriello Chiabrera

Gabriello Chiabrera tried to import Greek lyric meters into Italian poetry. He wrote 60 books. He lived to eighty-five. He was called the Italian Pindar. Nobody calls him that anymore. Nobody reads him. He spent his whole life trying to make Italian sound like ancient Greek. It didn't work.

1638

Manuel de Tavares, compositor português (n.

Manuel de Tavares, compositor português (n. c. 1585).

1639

Shōkadō Shōjō, japanischer Maler

Shōkadō Shōjō, japanischer Maler

1655

Daniel Beckher der Ältere, deutscher Mediziner

Daniel Beckher der Ältere, deutscher Mediziner

1658

Francesco I. d’Este, Herzog von Reggio, Modena

Francesco I. d’Este, Herzog von Reggio, Modena

1660

Thomas Harrison

Thomas Harrison signed Charles I's death warrant in 1649 and helped establish the Commonwealth. He was a major general in Cromwell's New Model Army. When the monarchy was restored in 1660, he was arrested, tried, and convicted of regicide. He was hanged, drawn, and quartered on October 13th. He refused to apologize. He told the court he'd do it again. They killed him slowly for that.

1669

Antonio Cesti

Antonio Cesti wrote 15 operas and became chapel master to Emperor Leopold I in Vienna. His opera Il pomo d'oro premiered in 1668 with 24 scene changes, flying chariots, and a budget that nearly bankrupted the imperial treasury. He died in Florence a year later. The score alone runs 400 pages.

1669

Domenico Fiasella, italienischer Maler

Domenico Fiasella, italienischer Maler

1671

Pierre Borel, botaniste français (° vers 1620).

Pierre Borel, botaniste français (° vers 1620).

1673

Diego Osorio de Escobar, spanischer Bischof der katholischen Kirche und Vizekönig von Neuspanien

Diego Osorio de Escobar, spanischer Bischof der katholischen Kirche und Vizekönig von Neuspanien

1677

Francis Glisson, britischer Arzt

Francis Glisson, britischer Arzt

1687

Sari Süleyman Pacha, Grand Vizir de l’Empire ottoman (° vers 1627).

Sari Süleyman Pacha, Grand Vizir de l’Empire ottoman (° vers 1627).

1688

Joachim von Sandrart, peintre et graveur allemand (° 12 mai 1606).

Joachim von Sandrart, peintre et graveur allemand (° 12 mai 1606).

1689

Adolf Johann I., schwedischer Reichsmarschall, Herzog von Stegeborg und Pfalz-Kleeburg

Adolf Johann I., schwedischer Reichsmarschall, Herzog von Stegeborg und Pfalz-Kleeburg

1696

Mohamed Bey El Mouradi (محمد باي المرادي), bey de Tunis (° inconnue).

Mohamed Bey El Mouradi (محمد باي المرادي), bey de Tunis (° inconnue).

1699

Claude Bourdelin, französischer Chemiker und Apotheker

Claude Bourdelin, französischer Chemiker und Apotheker

1700s 32
1701

Friedrich von Kospoth, kursächsischer Geheimer Rat und Oberaufseher der Grafschaft Mansfeld

Friedrich von Kospoth, kursächsischer Geheimer Rat und Oberaufseher der Grafschaft Mansfeld

1702

Franz Anton, Graf von Hohenzollern-Haigerloch

Franz Anton, Graf von Hohenzollern-Haigerloch

1703

Thomas Kingo

Thomas Kingo wrote hymns for the Danish church that are still sung 300 years later. He was also the Bishop of Funen and a poet who wrote drinking songs and love ballads. The same pen, different audiences. His morning hymn 'Far, World, Farewell' is sung at Danish funerals. Sacred and profane weren't opposites to him.

1709

Lee Seo-woo, koreanischer Philosoph, Dichter und Politiker

Lee Seo-woo, koreanischer Philosoph, Dichter und Politiker

1709

Wilhelm, Fürst von Anhalt-Harzgerode

Wilhelm, Fürst von Anhalt-Harzgerode

1711

Tewoflos

Emperor Tewoflos met a violent end at the hands of his political rivals, abruptly terminating his brief three-year reign. His assassination plunged the Solomonic dynasty into a period of intense instability, as competing factions scrambled to fill the power vacuum left by his sudden removal from the throne.

1719

Arnold Houbraken, niederländischer Maler und Kunstschriftsteller

Arnold Houbraken, niederländischer Maler und Kunstschriftsteller

1721

Jean de Palaprat, dramaturge français (° mai 1650).

Jean de Palaprat, dramaturge français (° mai 1650).

1731

Johann Ferdinand Adam von Pernau, ornithologue autrichien (° 7 novembre 1660).

Johann Ferdinand Adam von Pernau, ornithologue autrichien (° 7 novembre 1660).

1732

Bogislaw Bodo von Flemming, brandenburgischer Generalleutnant

Bogislaw Bodo von Flemming, brandenburgischer Generalleutnant

1733

Pietro Pariati, italienischer Dichter und Librettist

Pietro Pariati, italienischer Dichter und Librettist

1734

Cardin Lebret, homme politique français (° 16 octobre 1675).

Cardin Lebret, homme politique français (° 16 octobre 1675).

1737

Olivier-François Sauvage, écrivain français (° v.

Olivier-François Sauvage, écrivain français (° v. 1665).

1745

David Erskine, 9.

David Erskine, 9. Earl of Buchan, schottischer Adeliger und Politiker

1746

Domenico Alberti, venezianischer Sänger und Komponist

Domenico Alberti, venezianischer Sänger und Komponist

1749

Franz de Trenck, militaire autrichien (° 1er janvier 1711).

Franz de Trenck, militaire autrichien (° 1er janvier 1711).

1758

James Francis Edward Keith

James Francis Edward Keith fled Scotland after the failed Jacobite rising, joined the Spanish army, then the Russian army, then the Prussian army under Frederick the Great. He fought in 50 battles across 40 years, switching sides and languages as needed. A cannonball killed him at 62 during the Seven Years' War. Mercenaries don't retire. They just stop.

1758

Wilhelmine de Bayreuth, princesse prussienne et margravine de Bayreuth (° 3 juillet 1709).

Wilhelmine de Bayreuth, princesse prussienne et margravine de Bayreuth (° 3 juillet 1709).

1762

Hieronymus Pez, österreichischer Benediktinermönch, Philologe und Historiker

Hieronymus Pez, österreichischer Benediktinermönch, Philologe und Historiker

1765

Alexander David, herzoglicher braunschweigischer Hof- und Kammeragent und kaiserlicher Faktor

Alexander David, herzoglicher braunschweigischer Hof- und Kammeragent und kaiserlicher Faktor

1767

Ernst von Apfaltern, österreichischer Jesuit und Philosoph

Ernst von Apfaltern, österreichischer Jesuit und Philosoph

1769

Francesco Corradini, italienischer Komponist

Francesco Corradini, italienischer Komponist

1771

František Brixi, compositeur tchèque (° 2 janvier 1732).

František Brixi, compositeur tchèque (° 2 janvier 1732).

1771

Tobias Schramm, deutscher Instrumenten- und Orgelbauer

Tobias Schramm, deutscher Instrumenten- und Orgelbauer

1773

Amédée François Frézier, explorateur français (° 4 juillet 1682).

Amédée François Frézier, explorateur français (° 4 juillet 1682).

1780

Johann Georg Fischer, deutscher Orgelbauer

Johann Georg Fischer, deutscher Orgelbauer

1782

Auguste-Marie Poullain-Duparc, homme de loi français (° 7 septembre 1703).

Auguste-Marie Poullain-Duparc, homme de loi français (° 7 septembre 1703).

1790

William Hooper, Delegierter von North Carolina im Kontinentalkongress

William Hooper, Delegierter von North Carolina im Kontinentalkongress

1792

Sophie Charlotte Ackermann

Sophie Charlotte Ackermann was Germany's first great actress at a time when acting was considered disreputable. She performed for 50 years, mostly playing tragic heroines. She managed her own theater company and trained dozens of actors. She died at 78, still performing. Her daughter and granddaughter became famous actresses too. She built a dynasty.

1792

Sophie Charlotte Ackermann, deutsche Schauspielerin

Sophie Charlotte Ackermann, deutsche Schauspielerin

1799

Johann Wendler, deutscher Buchhändler, Verleger und Stifter

Johann Wendler, deutscher Buchhändler, Verleger und Stifter

1799

Pierre-Charles-Louis Baudin, homme politique français (° 18 décembre 1748).

Pierre-Charles-Louis Baudin, homme politique français (° 18 décembre 1748).

1800s 51
1803

Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin, philosophe français (° 18 janvier 1743).

Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin, philosophe français (° 18 janvier 1743).

1803

Jacques Gamelin, französischer Maler, Zeichner, Kupferstecher und Radierer des Frühklassizismus

Jacques Gamelin, französischer Maler, Zeichner, Kupferstecher und Radierer des Frühklassizismus

1803

Aimé Argand, físico y químico suizo (n.

Aimé Argand, físico y químico suizo (n. 1750).

1803

Hercule III, duc de Modène (° 22 novembre 1727).

Hercule III, duc de Modène (° 22 novembre 1727).

1806

Joseph Higonet, militaire français (° 11 décembre 1771).

Joseph Higonet, militaire français (° 11 décembre 1771).

1815

Christian Ludwig August von Arnswaldt, kurfürstlich-braunschweig-lüneburgischer Politiker

Christian Ludwig August von Arnswaldt, kurfürstlich-braunschweig-lüneburgischer Politiker

1817

John Philpot Curran, avocat irlandais (° 24 juillet 1750).

John Philpot Curran, avocat irlandais (° 24 juillet 1750).

1817

Fjodor Uschakow, russischer Admiral

Fjodor Uschakow, russischer Admiral

1829

André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat, financier français (° 30 novembre 1746).

André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat, financier français (° 30 novembre 1746).

1831

Jean-Louis Pons

Jean-Louis Pons discovered 37 comets between 1801 and 1827 — more than anyone in history until the 20th century. He started as a caretaker at the Marseille Observatory, sweeping floors. He had no formal education. He just kept looking up.

1831

Henri François Marie Charpentier, militaire français (° 23 juin 1769).

Henri François Marie Charpentier, militaire français (° 23 juin 1769).

1832

Heinrich Meyer, Schweizer Maler und Kunstschriftsteller

Heinrich Meyer, Schweizer Maler und Kunstschriftsteller

1833

Vincenz August Wagner, österreichischer Jurist und Hochschullehrer

Vincenz August Wagner, österreichischer Jurist und Hochschullehrer

1833

José María Benavente, militar chileno (n.

José María Benavente, militar chileno (n. 1785).

1833

Santos Ladrón de Cegama, militar español (n.

Santos Ladrón de Cegama, militar español (n. 1754).

1836

Jean Le Marois, militaire et homme politique français (° 17 mars 1777).

Jean Le Marois, militaire et homme politique français (° 17 mars 1777).

1837

Luigi Frezza, prélat italien (° 27 mai 1783).

Luigi Frezza, prélat italien (° 27 mai 1783).

1843

Maximilian Emanuel von Lerchenfeld, deutscher Politiker

Maximilian Emanuel von Lerchenfeld, deutscher Politiker

1844

Jan Baptiste de Jonghe, flämisch-belgischer Maler

Jan Baptiste de Jonghe, flämisch-belgischer Maler

1846

Paul Thiébault, militar francés (n.

Paul Thiébault, militar francés (n. 1769).

1850

Caroline Branchu, chanteuse française (° 2 novembre 1780).

Caroline Branchu, chanteuse française (° 2 novembre 1780).

1855

Ludwig von Jenichen, preußischer Generalleutnant

Ludwig von Jenichen, preußischer Generalleutnant

1856

Johann Kaspar Mertz, compositor y guitarrista austríaco (n.

Johann Kaspar Mertz, compositor y guitarrista austríaco (n. 1806).

1857

Johan Christian Dahl, peintre norvégien (° 24 février 1788).

Johan Christian Dahl, peintre norvégien (° 24 février 1788).

1858

Alfred Tonnellé, écrivain français (° 5 décembre 1831).

Alfred Tonnellé, écrivain français (° 5 décembre 1831).

1862

Friedrich Rudolf Hasse, deutscher Theologe

Friedrich Rudolf Hasse, deutscher Theologe

1865

Cyprian Romberg, deutscher Cellist

Cyprian Romberg, deutscher Cellist

1867

W. O. von Horn, deutscher Schriftsteller

W. O. von Horn, deutscher Schriftsteller

1870

Karl Twesten, deutscher Politiker und Jurist

Karl Twesten, deutscher Politiker und Jurist

1872

Albert de Prusse, prince et militaire prussien (° 4 octobre 1809).

Albert de Prusse, prince et militaire prussien (° 4 octobre 1809).

1876

Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith, US-amerikanischer Politiker

Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith, US-amerikanischer Politiker

1877

Antoine Elwart, französischer Komponist, Musikpädagoge und -wissenschaftler

Antoine Elwart, französischer Komponist, Musikpädagoge und -wissenschaftler

1879

Karl Anton Eckert, deutscher Komponist

Karl Anton Eckert, deutscher Komponist

1879

Ferdinand Kürnberger, écrivain autrichien (° 3 juillet 1821).

Ferdinand Kürnberger, écrivain autrichien (° 3 juillet 1821).

1880

Victorio

Victorio led Apache warriors against U.S. and Mexican forces for three years, raiding across the border, vanishing into the mountains. He fought to keep his people on their ancestral land. Mexican soldiers ambushed him at Tres Castillos, killing him and 78 warriors. He was 55. His sister Lozen survived and kept fighting. The war didn't end with him.

1882

Casimir Davaine, médecin français (° 19 mars 1812).

Casimir Davaine, médecin français (° 19 mars 1812).

1883

Ariste Jacques Trouvé-Chauvel, homme politique français (° 29 octobre 1805).

Ariste Jacques Trouvé-Chauvel, homme politique français (° 29 octobre 1805).

1883

Aimé Raphaël Villedieu de Torcy, homme politique français (° 16 mars 1826).

Aimé Raphaël Villedieu de Torcy, homme politique français (° 16 mars 1826).

1884

Ramón Allende, político y médico cirujano chileno (n.

Ramón Allende, político y médico cirujano chileno (n. 1845).

1884

Frédéric, landgrave de Hesse-Cassel (° 26 novembre 1820).

Frédéric, landgrave de Hesse-Cassel (° 26 novembre 1820).

1884

Heinrich Wilhelm Neumann, deutscher Psychiater

Heinrich Wilhelm Neumann, deutscher Psychiater

1885

Thomas Davidson, paléontologue britannique (° 17 mai 1817).

Thomas Davidson, paléontologue britannique (° 17 mai 1817).

1888

Augustin Feyen-Perrin, peintre français (° 12 avril 1826).

Augustin Feyen-Perrin, peintre français (° 12 avril 1826).

1891

Julius Jolly, deutscher Politiker

Julius Jolly, deutscher Politiker

1892

Louis Chaumontel, homme politique et avocat français (° 2 octobre 1828).

Louis Chaumontel, homme politique et avocat français (° 2 octobre 1828).

1892

Peter Nicolai Arbo, norwegischer Maler

Peter Nicolai Arbo, norwegischer Maler

1893

Camille Margaine, homme politique français (° 4 septembre 1829).

Camille Margaine, homme politique français (° 4 septembre 1829).

1895

Robert Kingsford, footballeur anglais (° 23 décembre 1849).

Robert Kingsford, footballeur anglais (° 23 décembre 1849).

1896

Italo Campanini, italienischer Opernsänger

Italo Campanini, italienischer Opernsänger

1896

Hermann Manz, deutscher Verleger, Buch- und Kunsthändler

Hermann Manz, deutscher Verleger, Buch- und Kunsthändler

1898

Anatole Guindey, homme politique français (° 16 janvier 1834).

Anatole Guindey, homme politique français (° 16 janvier 1834).

1900s 191
1903

Manuel Rojas, revolucionario venezolano-puertorriqueño (n.

Manuel Rojas, revolucionario venezolano-puertorriqueño (n. 1831).

1903

Ernst-Arved Senft, Schweizer evangelischer Geistlicher und Bischof der Evangelischen Brüder-Unität

Ernst-Arved Senft, Schweizer evangelischer Geistlicher und Bischof der Evangelischen Brüder-Unität

1903

Titus Dunka, militar e ingeniero rumano (n.

Titus Dunka, militar e ingeniero rumano (n. 1845).

1905

John Thomas, fotógrafo británico (n.

John Thomas, fotógrafo británico (n. 1838).

1908

Paul Christoph Hennings, botánico alemán (n.

Paul Christoph Hennings, botánico alemán (n. 1841).

1909

Gottfred Matthison-Hansen, dänischer Komponist

Gottfred Matthison-Hansen, dänischer Komponist

1909

John Prentiss Poe, magistrat américain (° 22 août 1836).

John Prentiss Poe, magistrat américain (° 22 août 1836).

1910

Rudolf Lindau, deutscher Schriftsteller und Diplomat

Rudolf Lindau, deutscher Schriftsteller und Diplomat

1911

John Marshall Harlan

John Marshall Harlan was the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson, writing in 1896 that "our Constitution is color-blind." The other eight justices upheld segregation. His dissent was ignored for 58 years. Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 finally adopted his reasoning. He died in 1911, never knowing he'd been right. His words outlasted the majority opinion by decades.

1911

Hans Schmid, Schweizer Flugpionier

Hans Schmid, Schweizer Flugpionier

1913

Norbert Hanrieder, österreichischer Mundartdichter

Norbert Hanrieder, österreichischer Mundartdichter

1913

Ferdinand Rüegg, Bischof von St. Gallen

Ferdinand Rüegg, Bischof von St. Gallen

1916

Alfonso Caparroso Santamaría, militar y revolucionario mexicano (n.

Alfonso Caparroso Santamaría, militar y revolucionario mexicano (n. 1877).

1916

Manuel de Melo Cardoso Barata, político brasileiro (n.

Manuel de Melo Cardoso Barata, político brasileiro (n. 1841).

1917

Henry Bocage, dramaturge français (° 1835).

Henry Bocage, dramaturge français (° 1835).

1917

Robert von Diessbach, Schweizer Jurist, Heimatforscher und Tierschützer

Robert von Diessbach, Schweizer Jurist, Heimatforscher und Tierschützer

1918

Mohamed Gherainia, militaire algérien (° 5 juillet 1891).

Mohamed Gherainia, militaire algérien (° 5 juillet 1891).

1919

Ludwig Strakosch, österreichischer Opernsänger

Ludwig Strakosch, österreichischer Opernsänger

1919

Simon Hugh Holmes, homme politique canadien (° 30 juillet 1831).

Simon Hugh Holmes, homme politique canadien (° 30 juillet 1831).

1919

Georges Veillat, haut fonctionnaire français (° 1er juin 1862).

Georges Veillat, haut fonctionnaire français (° 1er juin 1862).

1919

Ángel Villoldo, músico y compositor de tango argentino (n.

Ángel Villoldo, músico y compositor de tango argentino (n. 1861).

1923

George Elbridge Whiting, US-amerikanischer Komponist und Organist

George Elbridge Whiting, US-amerikanischer Komponist und Organist

1923

Marcellus Emants

Marcellus Emants wrote novels about miserable marriages and existential dread decades before it was fashionable. Dutch critics ignored him. He moved to Switzerland, kept writing, died in 1923 at 75. Twenty years later, existentialism became the dominant literary movement. He'd been early. Nobody noticed.

1924

Helen Smith Woodruff, US-amerikanische Schriftstellerin

Helen Smith Woodruff, US-amerikanische Schriftstellerin

1925

Samuel M. Ralston, político estadunidense (n.

Samuel M. Ralston, político estadunidense (n. 1857).

1925

Eugen Sandow, Begründer des modernen Bodybuildings

Eugen Sandow, Begründer des modernen Bodybuildings

1927

Eero Erkko, finnischer Journalist und Politiker

Eero Erkko, finnischer Journalist und Politiker

1927

Heinrich XXIV., Fürst Reuß zu Greiz

Heinrich XXIV., Fürst Reuß zu Greiz

1929

Henri Berger

Henri Berger composed 'Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī,' which became Hawaii's state anthem. He arrived from Germany in 1872 to lead the Royal Hawaiian Band under King Kalākaua. He spent 43 years in Honolulu, blending European marches with Hawaiian melodies. What he left was a sound that became a nation's voice.

1930

Irene Alba, actriz española (n.

Irene Alba, actriz española (n. 1873).

1930

Samuel van Houten

Samuel van Houten wrote the law that banned child labor in the Netherlands. Children under 12 could no longer work in factories. It passed in 1874. He was a liberal politician who believed the state should protect the vulnerable. The law was called the Van Houten Act. It's still taught in Dutch schools. One law, 150 years later, still carries his name.

1932

Mabel Loomis Todd, escritora estadounidense (n.

Mabel Loomis Todd, escritora estadounidense (n. 1856).

1932

Napoléon Louis Joseph Jérôme Bonaparte, militaire français (° 16 juillet 1864).

Napoléon Louis Joseph Jérôme Bonaparte, militaire français (° 16 juillet 1864).

1934

Mikhaïl Matiouchine (Михаил Васильевич Матюшин), peintre russe (° 1861).

Mikhaïl Matiouchine (Михаил Васильевич Матюшин), peintre russe (° 1861).

1934

Marie Lang, österreichische Frauenrechtlerin

Marie Lang, österreichische Frauenrechtlerin

1934

Leonid Sobinow, russischer Opernsänger

Leonid Sobinow, russischer Opernsänger

1937

John W. Glenister, éditeur de pulps magazines et de comics américain (° 11 janvier 1874).

John W. Glenister, éditeur de pulps magazines et de comics américain (° 11 janvier 1874).

1937

John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt, etnólogo y antropólogo iroqués (n.

John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt, etnólogo y antropólogo iroqués (n. 1859).

1937

Mysterious Billy Smith (Amos M. Smith dit), boxeur canadien (° 15 mai 1871).

Mysterious Billy Smith (Amos M. Smith dit), boxeur canadien (° 15 mai 1871).

1937

Robert de La Vaissière, écrivain français (° 20 mars 1880).

Robert de La Vaissière, écrivain français (° 20 mars 1880).

1938

Victor Judet, homme politique français (° 30 avril 1871).

Victor Judet, homme politique français (° 30 avril 1871).

1939

Friedrich Simon Archenhold, deutscher Astronom

Friedrich Simon Archenhold, deutscher Astronom

1939

Polaire, französische Chansonnière und Schauspielerin

Polaire, französische Chansonnière und Schauspielerin

1940

Diana Karenne, actrice ukrainienne (° 1888).

Diana Karenne, actrice ukrainienne (° 1888).

1941

Arthur Holitscher, Schriftsteller

Arthur Holitscher, Schriftsteller

1941

Hjalmar Söderberg, écrivain suédois (° 2 juillet 1869).

Hjalmar Söderberg, écrivain suédois (° 2 juillet 1869).

1942

Noboru Yamaguchi

Noboru Yamaguchi founded the Yamaguchi-gumi, Japan's largest yakuza syndicate, in 1915. He ran it until his death in 1942. The organization still exists, 80 years later, with over 8,000 members. He built a criminal empire that outlasted the empire he lived under.

1943

Johann Niemann

Johann Niemann was the deputy commandant of Sobibór extermination camp. He killed thousands. On October 14, 1943, prisoners lured him into a storage shed and killed him with an axe. His death triggered the Sobibór uprising. 300 prisoners escaped. Half survived the war. He was murdered by the people he was murdering.

1943

Thomas James « Jimmy » Matthews, joueur de cricket australien (° 3 avril 1884).

Thomas James « Jimmy » Matthews, joueur de cricket australien (° 3 avril 1884).

1943

Sobibór uprising: Rudolf Beckmann

Three German officers died during the Sobibór uprising when Jewish prisoners launched a desperate revolt against their captors. Rudolf Beckmann, Siegfried Graetschus, and Johann Niemann fell in the fighting that killed over fifty SS men and guards before escaping prisoners fled into the forest. This violent breach shattered the camp's illusion of total control and proved organized resistance could strike back at the machinery of extermination.

1943

Siegfried Graetschus

Siegfried Graetschus was an SS officer at Sobibór death camp. He was killed during the prisoner uprising in October 1943. An inmate stabbed him to death with an axe. He was 27. The uprising succeeded. 300 prisoners escaped. Half survived the war. His death helped make that possible.

1944

Ioseb Iremashvili, político y escritor soviético (n.

Ioseb Iremashvili, político y escritor soviético (n. 1878).

1944

Ludwig Frankenthal, deutscher Chirurg

Ludwig Frankenthal, deutscher Chirurg

1944

Erwin Rommel

Erwin Rommel commanded the Afrika Korps against British forces across North Africa and earned a reputation for fighting by the rules — not executing prisoners, following the Geneva Convention, treating opponents as professionals rather than enemies. That reputation, largely accurate, made him useful to the postwar West German military as a model of honorable soldiering. He was implicated in the July 20 plot to kill Hitler. The Nazis gave him a choice: a public trial for treason, or suicide and a state funeral. He chose the funeral, on October 14, 1944.

1945

Karl Hayd, österreichischer Maler und Grafiker

Karl Hayd, österreichischer Maler und Grafiker

1946

Jean Charles-Brun, félibre français (° 29 décembre 1870).

Jean Charles-Brun, félibre français (° 29 décembre 1870).

1947

André Liminana, footballeur français (° 25 mai 1899).

André Liminana, footballeur français (° 25 mai 1899).

1948

Dale Fuller, actriz estadounidense (n.

Dale Fuller, actriz estadounidense (n. 1885).

1949

Fritz Leiber, acteur américain (° 31 janvier 1882).

Fritz Leiber, acteur américain (° 31 janvier 1882).

1949

Karl Adrian, österreichischer Heimatforscher

Karl Adrian, österreichischer Heimatforscher

1949

Aaro Pajari, militar finlandés (n.

Aaro Pajari, militar finlandés (n. 1897).

1950

António Maria da Silva, portugiesischer Ministerpräsident

António Maria da Silva, portugiesischer Ministerpräsident

1951

Hermann Graf von Attems-Heiligenkreuz, österreichischer Politiker

Hermann Graf von Attems-Heiligenkreuz, österreichischer Politiker

1953

Émile Sarrade

Émile Sarrade secured his place in Olympic history by winning a gold medal in tug of war at the 1900 Paris Games. Beyond his strength on the rope, he helped define the early amateur era of French rugby as a formidable forward. His death in 1953 closed the chapter on a generation of multi-sport athletes who dominated the turn-of-the-century international stage.

1953

Kyuichi Tokuda

Kyuichi Tokuda rebuilt Japan's Communist Party from prison. He served five years under the Peace Preservation Law. He was arrested again in 1945. After the war, he won a seat in parliament. Then the Americans banned him during the Red Purge. He fled to China. He died in Beijing, still writing pamphlets. Japan never let him back.

1953

Noëlle Roger, femme de lettres suisse (° 25 septembre 1874).

Noëlle Roger, femme de lettres suisse (° 25 septembre 1874).

1953

Émile Sarrade, jogador de rugby e competidor de cabo de guerra francês (n.

Émile Sarrade, jogador de rugby e competidor de cabo de guerra francês (n. 1877).

1954

Henry Marx, französischer Schriftsteller

Henry Marx, französischer Schriftsteller

1955

Charles Frey, homme politique français (° 26 février 1888).

Charles Frey, homme politique français (° 26 février 1888).

1956

Jules Richard, mathématicien français (° 12 août 1862).

Jules Richard, mathématicien français (° 12 août 1862).

1956

Benno Georg Eduard Wilhelm Joachim von Arent, deutscher Architekt

Benno Georg Eduard Wilhelm Joachim von Arent, deutscher Architekt

1956

Jehanne d'Alcy, actrice française, veuve de Georges Méliès (° 20 mars 1865).

Jehanne d'Alcy, actrice française, veuve de Georges Méliès (° 20 mars 1865).

1956

Owen Davis, scénariste américain (° 29 janvier 1874).

Owen Davis, scénariste américain (° 29 janvier 1874).

1957

Raymond Renefer (Jean-Constant-Raymond Fontanet dit), dessinateur et peintre français (° 2 juin 1879).

Raymond Renefer (Jean-Constant-Raymond Fontanet dit), dessinateur et peintre français (° 2 juin 1879).

1957

Natanael Berg, schwedischer Komponist

Natanael Berg, schwedischer Komponist

1958

Douglas Mawson

Douglas Mawson led an Antarctic expedition in 1912 that killed his two companions. He survived alone for a month, walking 100 miles back to base while suffering from starvation and vitamin A poisoning. His skin fell off in sheets. He made it. He led another expedition in 1929 and claimed 42% of Antarctica for Australia. He died in 1958. The territory is still called Mawson Coast.

1958

James A. Cobb, abogado, juez y activista por los derechos civiles estadounidense (n.

James A. Cobb, abogado, juez y activista por los derechos civiles estadounidense (n. 1876).

1958

Nikolay Zabolotsky

Nikolay Zabolotsky spent six years in a Siberian labor camp for writing poems the state didn't like. He translated Georgian verse to survive. He came back and wrote about nature, horses, the sky. Nothing political. Nothing dangerous. He died of a heart attack at 55. His poems are still taught in Russian schools, carefully.

1959

Karl Scharrer, österreichischer Agrikulturchemiker

Karl Scharrer, österreichischer Agrikulturchemiker

1959

Jack Davey

Jack Davey hosted Australian radio quiz shows for 25 years. His program *Pick a Box* drew audiences of two million in a country of eight million people. He gave away thousands of pounds in prizes every week. He died of a heart attack at 52 while still on air. A quarter of Australia listened to him.

1959

Alcide Delmont, homme politique français (° 2 octobre 1874).

Alcide Delmont, homme politique français (° 2 octobre 1874).

1959

Phetsarath Rattanavongsa, prince et homme politique laotien (° 19 janvier 1890).

Phetsarath Rattanavongsa, prince et homme politique laotien (° 19 janvier 1890).

1959

Heinz Meyer, deutscher Politiker

Heinz Meyer, deutscher Politiker

1959

Errol Flynn

Errol Flynn died in Vancouver at 50, getting up from a couch to meet a buyer for his yacht. Massive heart attack. The coroner said his body resembled that of a 75-year-old. He'd drunk and drugged his way through two decades of stardom. His last words: "I've had a hell of a lot of fun and I've enjoyed every minute of it." The autopsy confirmed that.

1960

Abram Ioffe

Abram Ioffe discovered the photoelectric effect in semiconductors. He trained an entire generation of Soviet physicists. His students won three Nobel Prizes. He won none. Stalin's government accused him of cosmopolitanism in 1950. He lost his position. He died ten years later. His students remembered. The state didn't.

1960

Sigurd Hoel, écrivain norvégien (° 14 décembre 1890).

Sigurd Hoel, écrivain norvégien (° 14 décembre 1890).

1960

Jean Nabert, philosophe français (° 27 juin 1881).

Jean Nabert, philosophe français (° 27 juin 1881).

1961

Paul Ramadier

Paul Ramadier was France's first prime minister under the Fourth Republic. He lasted 11 months. He expelled Communist ministers from his government, breaking the postwar coalition. France would have 21 prime ministers in the next 12 years. He set the pattern: short terms, impossible coalitions, constant collapse.

1961

Harriet Shaw Weaver

Harriet Shaw Weaver bankrolled James Joyce for over 20 years, funding 'Ulysses' and 'Finnegans Wake' with her inheritance. She gave him tens of thousands of pounds. She never married, never sought recognition. Joyce dedicated 'Ulysses' to her. She made modernism possible with her checkbook.

1962

Jacques Majorelle, peintre français (° 7 mars 1886).

Jacques Majorelle, peintre français (° 7 mars 1886).

1962

Mauricio Cravotto, arquitecto uruguayo (n.

Mauricio Cravotto, arquitecto uruguayo (n. 1893).

1963

Pedro Coronado Arrascue, educador peruano (n.

Pedro Coronado Arrascue, educador peruano (n. 1917).

1964

Horst Platen, deutscher Komponist, Dirigent und Theaterintendant, sowie Sendeleiter des NORAG-Nebensenders Hannover

Horst Platen, deutscher Komponist, Dirigent und Theaterintendant, sowie Sendeleiter des NORAG-Nebensenders Hannover

1964

Carlos Lillo, chilenischer Boxer

Carlos Lillo, chilenischer Boxer

1964

Jane Stick, chanteuse et comédienne française (° 10 avril 1890)

Jane Stick, chanteuse et comédienne française (° 10 avril 1890)

1964

« Bienvenida » (Manuel Mejías y Rapela dit), matador espagnol (° 1er septembre 1884).

« Bienvenida » (Manuel Mejías y Rapela dit), matador espagnol (° 1er septembre 1884).

1965

William Hogenson

William Hogenson won a silver medal in the 4x400 meter relay at the 1904 Olympics. He ran for the Chicago Athletic Association. He was 20. He never competed in another Olympics. He became a lawyer and lived to 81. The medal sat in a drawer for 60 years. Most Olympic medals do.

1965

Burt Balaban, réalisateur américain (° 6 mars 1922).

Burt Balaban, réalisateur américain (° 6 mars 1922).

1965

Randall Jarrell

Randall Jarrell wrote poetry about bomber crews, translated Chekhov, taught at women's colleges. He was hit by a car on a dark highway in 1965, walking alone at dusk. The death was ruled accidental. His friends suspected suicide. He was 51, depressed, recently hospitalized. The car settled what the poems couldn't.

1965

Tina Pérez, militante comunista española (n.

Tina Pérez, militante comunista española (n. 1929).

1966

Vicente Rojo Lluch, general español (n.

Vicente Rojo Lluch, general español (n. 1894).

1966

Antonin Berval (Antonin Pasteur dit), acteur français (° 12 décembre 1891).

Antonin Berval (Antonin Pasteur dit), acteur français (° 12 décembre 1891).

1966

Arthur Folwell

Arthur Folwell played rugby league in England, moved to Australia, played there, then coached and administered the sport for decades. He crossed hemispheres for a game. Rugby league was his entire life, on three continents. He died at 62, still in the sport.

1966

George Carstairs

George Carstairs played rugby league in Australia in the 1920s, then lived another 46 years in obscurity. He was a forward in an era before television, before fame. He played, retired, and disappeared. Most athletes do.

1966

Federico de Onís, profesor, filólogo, crítico literario e hispanista español (n.

Federico de Onís, profesor, filólogo, crítico literario e hispanista español (n. 1885).

1967

Marcel Aymé

Marcel Aymé wrote a story about a man who could walk through walls. The man got stuck halfway through one. The story became famous. Aymé wrote twenty novels. He collaborated with Vichy France during the war. He was never punished. He kept writing. The wall story is all anyone remembers.

1967

Claire Sainte-Soline (Nelly Fouillet dite), femme de lettres française jurée du prix Femina (° 18 septembre 1891).

Claire Sainte-Soline (Nelly Fouillet dite), femme de lettres française jurée du prix Femina (° 18 septembre 1891).

1968

Bert Gunther, niederländischer Ruderer

Bert Gunther, niederländischer Ruderer

1969

Haguroyama Masaji

Haguroyama Masaji won 7 sumo championships and retired as yokozuna in 1953. He holds the record for most consecutive wins without a loss — 69 matches over two years. Nobody's come close since. He was 5'9" and 260 pounds, small for sumo. He just didn't lose.

1969

Achille-Armand Fould, homme politique français (° 19 septembre 1890).

Achille-Armand Fould, homme politique français (° 19 septembre 1890).

1969

Hans Mühlenfeld, deutscher Botschafter

Hans Mühlenfeld, deutscher Botschafter

1969

August Sang

August Sang translated The Waste Land into Estonian while Soviet censors were banning Eliot. He smuggled modernism into a language under siege, wrote his own poems in secret. He died in 1969 at 55, having spent 25 years translating writers his government called decadent. His Estonia never got to thank him.

1970

Jeanne Burgues-Brun, poétesse et romancière française (° 10 février 1886).

Jeanne Burgues-Brun, poétesse et romancière française (° 10 février 1886).

1970

Mavis Wheeler

Mavis Wheeler shot her lover in 1932 with a revolver she'd borrowed from a friend. She said it was an accident. The jury believed her. She modeled for Augustus John and Jacob Epstein, lived in Chelsea, drank too much. She painted watercolors nobody wanted. She died alone at 62. The gun was never returned.

1972

Maria Elisabeth Ammann, deutsche Wohlfahrtspflegerin

Maria Elisabeth Ammann, deutsche Wohlfahrtspflegerin

1972

Paula Shay, actriz, escritora y artista estadounidense (n.

Paula Shay, actriz, escritora y artista estadounidense (n. 1893).

1972

Joseph Kaminski, aus der Ukraine gebürtiger polnisch-israelischer Komponist und Violinist

Joseph Kaminski, aus der Ukraine gebürtiger polnisch-israelischer Komponist und Violinist

1973

Georges Brunschvig, abogado suizo (n.

Georges Brunschvig, abogado suizo (n. 1908).

1973

Ahmed Hamdi

Ahmed Hamdi designed the tunnel under the Suez Canal that still bears his name. He was an Egyptian engineer and general. He was killed on the first day of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, inspecting the front lines. He was 44. The tunnel he built is still the main crossing point under the canal. Millions of people use it without knowing his name.

1973

Edmund A. Chester

Edmund Chester built CBS's Latin American network during World War II, broadcasting U.S. propaganda across the hemisphere. He hired reporters in 18 countries and launched 'La Cadena de las Américas.' After the war, he wrote about broadcasting and diplomacy. He turned radio into foreign policy.

1976

Edith Evans

Edith Evans was made a Dame at 58 and kept acting for 30 more years. She played Lady Bracknell in 'The Importance of Being Earnest' so definitively that her reading of 'A handbag?' became the standard. She never married. She said the stage was enough. She did 150 films and plays. It was.

1976

سليمان النابلسي، سياسي ورئيس وزارء أردني

سليمان النابلسي، سياسي ورئيس وزارء أردني

1976

Alexander Chwylja, sowjetischer Schauspieler

Alexander Chwylja, sowjetischer Schauspieler

1977

Bing Crosby

Bing Crosby sold 500 million records. The number is so large it's hard to process. 'White Christmas' alone sold fifty million — the best-selling single in history for most of the twentieth century. He was the dominant popular entertainer of the 1930s and 40s, simultaneously a radio star, recording artist, and film actor. He won an Academy Award for Going My Way in 1944. He died of a heart attack on a golf course near Madrid in October 1977, having just finished a round and told his partners it was a great game.

1978

Bolesław Filipiak, cardinal polonais (° 1er septembre 1901).

Bolesław Filipiak, cardinal polonais (° 1er septembre 1901).

1978

Vladimir Mikhaïlovitch Miassichtchev (Владимир Михайлович Мясищев), ingénieur russe (° 11 octobre 1902).

Vladimir Mikhaïlovitch Miassichtchev (Владимир Михайлович Мясищев), ingénieur russe (° 11 octobre 1902).

1979

Onorato Damen, homme politique italien (° 4 décembre 1893).

Onorato Damen, homme politique italien (° 4 décembre 1893).

1979

Arthur Mendel, US-amerikanischer Chordirigent, Musikwissenschaftler und -pädagoge

Arthur Mendel, US-amerikanischer Chordirigent, Musikwissenschaftler und -pädagoge

1980

Louis Guilloux, écrivain français (° 15 janvier 1899).

Louis Guilloux, écrivain français (° 15 janvier 1899).

1980

Oscar Alemán, guitarrista y compositor argentino (n.

Oscar Alemán, guitarrista y compositor argentino (n. 1909).

1980

Mary O'Hara, femme de lettres américaine (° 10 juillet 1885).

Mary O'Hara, femme de lettres américaine (° 10 juillet 1885).

1980

Jean-François Adam (Jean François Albert Hermant Abraham-Adam dit), acteur français (° 14 février 1938).

Jean-François Adam (Jean François Albert Hermant Abraham-Adam dit), acteur français (° 14 février 1938).

1981

Elsa Scholten, deutsche Schauspielerin

Elsa Scholten, deutsche Schauspielerin

1982

Otto von Porat, boxeur norvégien (° 29 septembre 1903).

Otto von Porat, boxeur norvégien (° 29 septembre 1903).

1982

Víctor Ruiz Iriarte, escritor español (n.

Víctor Ruiz Iriarte, escritor español (n. 1912).

1982

Edward Flynn, boxeur américain (° 25 octobre 1909).

Edward Flynn, boxeur américain (° 25 octobre 1909).

1982

Louis Rougier

Louis Rougier attended meetings of the Vienna Circle in the 1930s, then went home to France and wrote that logical positivism was too rigid. He argued for philosophical pluralism. He negotiated secretly with Churchill in 1940 on behalf of Vichy France. The talks failed. His reputation never recovered. His books stayed in print anyway.

1982

Gerhard Kreyssig, deutscher Politiker

Gerhard Kreyssig, deutscher Politiker

1982

Marcel Waline, universitaire et académicien français ès sciences morales et politiques (° 1er octobre 1900).

Marcel Waline, universitaire et académicien français ès sciences morales et politiques (° 1er octobre 1900).

1983

Willard Price

Willard Price wrote 14 'Adventure' novels featuring Hal and Roger Hunt, brothers who captured wild animals for zoos. He'd actually worked as a naturalist and traveled to 148 countries. The books sold millions, teaching kids about wildlife through fiction. He made conservation an adventure story.

1983

Johannes O.

Johannes O. was a Dutch doctor who poisoned five patients with morphine. He was convicted in 1961 and sentenced to 18 years. He served 12. He was released, moved to a small town, and lived quietly for 20 years. His full name was never published to protect his family. He died in obscurity. The anonymity was the point.

1983

Jesús de la Rosa Luque, cantante español, de la banda Triana (n.

Jesús de la Rosa Luque, cantante español, de la banda Triana (n. 1948).

1983

Paul Fix, acteur et scénariste américain (° 13 mars 1901).

Paul Fix, acteur et scénariste américain (° 13 mars 1901).

1984

Richard Attlesey, US-amerikanischer Hürdenläufer

Richard Attlesey, US-amerikanischer Hürdenläufer

1984

Martin Ryle

Martin Ryle built radio telescopes that could see farther into space than optical telescopes. He mapped radio sources across the sky in the 1950s. His surveys found quasars. He shared the Nobel in Physics in 1974 — the first astronomer to win it. He opposed the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. He thought broadcasting Earth's location was dangerous. He died in 1984. We're still broadcasting.

1985

Harry Friedauer, deutscher Schauspieler und Operettensänger

Harry Friedauer, deutscher Schauspieler und Operettensänger

1985

Emil Gilels

Emil Gilels had hands so powerful he could make a Steinway sound like thunder. He was the first Soviet artist allowed to tour America during the Cold War. He played Carnegie Hall in 1955. The audience stood for 20 minutes. He recorded the Beethoven sonatas but died before finishing. Twenty-seven of thirty-two.

1986

Bilal Xhaferr Xhaferri, albanischer Schriftsteller und Publizist

Bilal Xhaferr Xhaferri, albanischer Schriftsteller und Publizist

1986

Takahiko Yamanouchi

Takahiko Yamanouchi studied cosmic rays at 3,000 meters altitude in the Japanese Alps during the 1930s. He measured muon decay rates and helped prove Einstein's time dilation experimentally. After the war, he rebuilt Japanese physics from scratch, training hundreds of graduate students. He published his last paper on elementary particles at age 82, two years before his death.

1986

Keenan Wynn

Keenan Wynn appeared in over 200 films. His father was Ed Wynn. His son is Ned Wynn. Three generations of actors. Keenan was in Dr. Strangelove, Nashville, The Absent-Minded Professor. He worked until he died at seventy. He's in everything you've seen. You don't remember his name.

1986

Walter « Spec » O'Donnell, acteur américain (° 9 avril 1911).

Walter « Spec » O'Donnell, acteur américain (° 9 avril 1911).

1986

Claude Bruaire, philosophe français (° 1932).

Claude Bruaire, philosophe français (° 1932).

1986

Barbara Kostrzewska, Sängerin und Musikpädagogin

Barbara Kostrzewska, Sängerin und Musikpädagogin

1987

Rodolfo Halffter, compositor español–mexicano (n.

Rodolfo Halffter, compositor español–mexicano (n. 1900).

1987

Robert Lennuier, physicien français (° 13 décembre 1914).

Robert Lennuier, physicien français (° 13 décembre 1914).

1987

Emmy Loose, österreichische Opernsängerin

Emmy Loose, österreichische Opernsängerin

1988

René Vietto, coureur cycliste français (° 17 février 1914).

René Vietto, coureur cycliste français (° 17 février 1914).

1988

Henri Debluë, écrivain et auteur dramatique suisse (° 3 septembre 1924).

Henri Debluë, écrivain et auteur dramatique suisse (° 3 septembre 1924).

1989

Dov Sadan (דב סדן), homme politique israélien (° 21 février 1902).

Dov Sadan (דב סדן), homme politique israélien (° 21 février 1902).

1989

Michael Carmine

Michael Carmine played the lead in 'The Tombs,' a forgotten 1984 action film. He was in 'Kiss of the Spider Woman' the next year. He died of a drug overdose at 30. His IMDb page lists six credits. He's remembered mostly for dying young in an era when that happened often.

1989

Hans Körnig, deutscher Graphiker und Maler

Hans Körnig, deutscher Graphiker und Maler

1989

Lucy Doraine, ungarischer Stummfilmstar

Lucy Doraine, ungarischer Stummfilmstar

1989

Robert Blot, französischer Geiger, Dirigent und Musikpädagoge

Robert Blot, französischer Geiger, Dirigent und Musikpädagoge

1989

Martin Broszat, historien allemand (° 14 août 1926).

Martin Broszat, historien allemand (° 14 août 1926).

1989

René Petit, footballeur français (° 8 octobre 1899).

René Petit, footballeur français (° 8 octobre 1899).

1990

Daniel Guilet, französisch-amerikanischer Geiger und Musikpädagoge

Daniel Guilet, französisch-amerikanischer Geiger und Musikpädagoge

1990

Armin Dassler, deutscher Unternehmer und Sportschuhfabrikant

Armin Dassler, deutscher Unternehmer und Sportschuhfabrikant

1990

Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein smoked three packs of Camels a day for decades. He conducted with such physical intensity that he'd lose pounds during performances. A heart attack killed him at 72, five days after he announced his retirement. He left 73 recordings with the New York Philharmonic and West Side Story, which he wrote in six weeks.

1991

John Newmark, musicien canadien (° 12 juin 1904).

John Newmark, musicien canadien (° 12 juin 1904).

1991

Walter Maurice Elsasser, physicien allemand (° 20 mars 1904).

Walter Maurice Elsasser, physicien allemand (° 20 mars 1904).

1991

Edmond Bertreux, peintre français (° 22 octobre 1911).

Edmond Bertreux, peintre français (° 22 octobre 1911).

1991

Gianni Dova, italienischer Maler

Gianni Dova, italienischer Maler

1992

José María Muñoz, periodista deportivo y relator argentino (n.

José María Muñoz, periodista deportivo y relator argentino (n. 1924).

1992

Rigoberto Lozada, révolutionnaire colombien (° 1928).

Rigoberto Lozada, révolutionnaire colombien (° 1928).

1993

Paolo Mantovani, chef d'entreprise italien (° 9 avril 1930).

Paolo Mantovani, chef d'entreprise italien (° 9 avril 1930).

1993

François Guy Malary, homme politique haïtien (° 10 juin 1943).

François Guy Malary, homme politique haïtien (° 10 juin 1943).

1994

Yves Gibeau, écrivain français (° 3 janvier 1916).

Yves Gibeau, écrivain français (° 3 janvier 1916).

1995

Edith Pargeter, romancière anglaise (° 28 septembre 1913).

Edith Pargeter, romancière anglaise (° 28 septembre 1913).

1996

Véronique Moest, actrice française (° 21 octobre 1964).

Véronique Moest, actrice française (° 21 octobre 1964).

1996

Laura La Plante, actrice américaine (° 1er novembre 1904).

Laura La Plante, actrice américaine (° 1er novembre 1904).

1996

Jean Grimaldi, producteur de spectacles canadien (° 7 octobre 1898).

Jean Grimaldi, producteur de spectacles canadien (° 7 octobre 1898).

1997

Harold Robbins

Harold Robbins claimed he was an orphan who made millions on Wall Street before turning 20. All lies. He was born Francis Kane in Hell's Kitchen, worked as a grocery clerk, and invented his entire biography. His 23 novels sold 750 million copies anyway. The Carpetbaggers alone moved 6 million in its first week.

1997

François-Charles, duc d'Harcourt (° 12 juillet 1902).

François-Charles, duc d'Harcourt (° 12 juillet 1902).

1997

Jacqueline Delubac, actrice française, troisième épouse de Sacha Guitry (° 27 mai 1907).

Jacqueline Delubac, actrice française, troisième épouse de Sacha Guitry (° 27 mai 1907).

1997

Hy Averback, director, productor y actor radiofónico, televisivo y cinematográfico estadounidense (n.

Hy Averback, director, productor y actor radiofónico, televisivo y cinematográfico estadounidense (n. 1920).

1998

José Hernández Díaz, historiador de arte y político español (n.

José Hernández Díaz, historiador de arte y político español (n. 1906).

1998

Adolf Althoff, deutscher Artist, Dompteur und Zirkusdirektor

Adolf Althoff, deutscher Artist, Dompteur und Zirkusdirektor

1998

Cleveland Amory

Cleveland Amory wrote bestselling books about high society, then spent his fortune creating an animal sanctuary in Texas. He rescued 1,500 animals. He bought 3,300 acres. He wrote a book about his cat. The cat book sold better than the society books. He left everything to the animals.

1998

Frankie Yankovic

Frankie Yankovic won the first-ever Grammy for Best Polka Recording in 1986 at age 71. He'd been called 'America's Polka King' for decades, playing accordion at Slovenian halls and state fairs. He made 200 albums. He proved you could build a career on a genre most people considered a joke.

1999

Julius Nyerere

Julius Nyerere translated Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and The Merchant of Venice into Swahili while leading Tanzania for 24 years. He forced millions into collective villages in the name of African socialism, wrecking the economy. He stepped down voluntarily in 1985 — nearly unheard of for an African leader then. He left a unified nation and grinding poverty.

1999

Manfred Wolter, deutscher Autor und Regisseur

Manfred Wolter, deutscher Autor und Regisseur

2000s 215
2000

Rudolf Schenda, deutsch-schweizerischer Volkskundler und Erzählforscher

Rudolf Schenda, deutsch-schweizerischer Volkskundler und Erzählforscher

2000

William T. Hurtz, réalisateur américain (° 7 avril 1919).

William T. Hurtz, réalisateur américain (° 7 avril 1919).

2000

Tony Roper

Tony Roper died during a truck race at Texas Motor Speedway. Lap 53. His truck hit the wall. Basilar skull fracture. He was 35. NASCAR mandated head-and-neck restraints after that. Dale Earnhardt died the same way four months later. Then the rule became non-negotiable. Roper had won rookie of the year. Earnhardt was the greatest ever. Same injury killed them both.

2000

Art Coulter

Art Coulter captained the Rangers to their 1940 Stanley Cup. They wouldn't win another for 54 years. He played defense like a bodyguard. Retired after the championship. Joined the Coast Guard during the war. Came back and coached junior hockey. Lived to 91. Saw the Rangers finally win again in 1994. Said he'd stopped believing it would happen.

2001

Willam Christensen, danseur, chorégraphe et maître de ballet américain (° 27 août 1902).

Willam Christensen, danseur, chorégraphe et maître de ballet américain (° 27 août 1902).

2001

Martial Taugourdeau, homme politique français (° 14 décembre 1926).

Martial Taugourdeau, homme politique français (° 14 décembre 1926).

2001

Erika Mitterer, österreichische Schriftstellerin

Erika Mitterer, österreichische Schriftstellerin

2001

Edgard Derouet, affichiste français (° 26 octobre 1910).

Edgard Derouet, affichiste français (° 26 octobre 1910).

2001

David Kellogg Lewis, filósofo estadounidense (n.

David Kellogg Lewis, filósofo estadounidense (n. 1941).

2002

Seymour Rexite, polnisch-US-amerikanischer Schauspieler und Sänger in jiddischer Sprache

Seymour Rexite, polnisch-US-amerikanischer Schauspieler und Sänger in jiddischer Sprache

2002

Norbert Schultze

Norbert Schultze composed "Lili Marleen," the song German and Allied soldiers both sang during World War II. Rommel loved it. Eisenhower's troops sang it. It was the war's unofficial anthem. Schultze wrote it in 1938. He lived to ninety, hearing his song at every WWII memorial. He never wrote another hit.

2002

Keizō Hino, japanischer Schriftsteller

Keizō Hino, japanischer Schriftsteller

2003

Dolores Marimón Navarro, política anarquista española (n.

Dolores Marimón Navarro, política anarquista española (n. 1915).

2003

Mohammed Basri, político marroquí (n.

Mohammed Basri, político marroquí (n. 1927).

2003

Mokhtar Ould Daddah, mauretanischer Politiker

Mokhtar Ould Daddah, mauretanischer Politiker

2003

Léon Schwartzenberg, médecin et homme politique français (° 2 décembre 1923).

Léon Schwartzenberg, médecin et homme politique français (° 2 décembre 1923).

2003

Heinz Quermann, deutscher Fernsehunterhalter in der DDR

Heinz Quermann, deutscher Fernsehunterhalter in der DDR

2003

Patrick Dalzel-Job

Patrick Dalzel-Job spoke seven languages, survived 30 Arctic convoys, and inspired Ian Fleming's James Bond after they worked together in Naval Intelligence. He refused the DSC medal because the citation described an operation he considered a failure. He spent his later years in the Scottish Highlands translating Norse sagas. Fleming took the competence and charm, left behind the integrity and modesty.

2003

François Béranger, chanteur français (° 28 août 1937).

François Béranger, chanteur français (° 28 août 1937).

2003

Javier Portales, actor y comediante argentino (n.

Javier Portales, actor y comediante argentino (n. 1937).

2004

Gérard Mendel, psychiatre français (° 1930).

Gérard Mendel, psychiatre français (° 1930).

2004

Ted Blakey

Ted Blakey spent 79 years crossing boundaries most Americans never noticed. He was a historian who documented Black business communities in the Jim Crow South, an activist who organized boycotts, and a businessman who proved his own case studies. He died in 2004, leaving archives that showed what thrived despite everything designed to destroy it.

2004

Juan Francisco Fresno, arzobispo y cardenal chileno (n.

Juan Francisco Fresno, arzobispo y cardenal chileno (n. 1914).

2004

Alberto Alén Pérez, violonchelista y musicólogo cubano (n.

Alberto Alén Pérez, violonchelista y musicólogo cubano (n. 1948).

2004

Peter Adelaar, judoka neerlandés (n.

Peter Adelaar, judoka neerlandés (n. 1947).

2004

Vlassis Bonatsos

Vlassis Bonatsos was Greece's biggest TV comedian for twenty years. He died of a heart attack at fifty-five while swimming. The entire country mourned. They replayed his shows for weeks. He made Greeks laugh through economic collapse and political chaos. They needed him. He was gone anyway.

2004

Claude Marti, publicitaire et conseiller en communication politique français (° 10 novembre 1926).

Claude Marti, publicitaire et conseiller en communication politique français (° 10 novembre 1926).

2005

Winifred Mary Curtis, botánica australiana (n.

Winifred Mary Curtis, botánica australiana (n. 1905)

2005

Edmund Bacon, US-amerikanischer Architekt und Städtebauer

Edmund Bacon, US-amerikanischer Architekt und Städtebauer

2005

Herbert Hufnagl, österreichischer Journalist und Kolumnist

Herbert Hufnagl, österreichischer Journalist und Kolumnist

2005

Oleg Lundstrem (Олег Леонидович Лундстрем), musicien russe (° 2 avril 1916).

Oleg Lundstrem (Олег Леонидович Лундстрем), musicien russe (° 2 avril 1916).

2005

Jody Dobrowski

Jody Dobrowski was beaten to death on Clapham Common by two men who targeted him for being gay. He was 24. The murder led to increased hate crime legislation in the UK. His killers got life sentences. His name became a law.

2006

Klaas Runia

Klaas Runia edited a Dutch Christian newspaper for 20 years. He wrote theology books and taught at a seminary. He was a Calvinist who believed in predestination and divine sovereignty. He wrote 30 books. Almost none have been translated into English. He shaped Dutch Reformed theology for a generation. Outside the Netherlands, nobody's heard of him.

2006

Chun Wei Cheung

Chun Wei Cheung rowed for the Netherlands at the 1996 Olympics. He finished 11th. He was a software engineer who rowed in his spare time. He died of a heart attack at 34 while playing tennis. He'd been retired from competitive rowing for six years. Athletes die young too. The training doesn't protect you forever.

2006

Chun Wei Cheung, rameur néerlandais (° 15 avril 1972).

Chun Wei Cheung, rameur néerlandais (° 15 avril 1972).

2006

Gerry Studds

Gerry Studds was censured by the House in 1983 for a relationship with a 17-year-old male page. He turned his back during the vote. Then Massachusetts re-elected him five more times. He served 12 years after the scandal, never apologizing. Voters decided what mattered.

2006

Nancy Lynn

Nancy Lynn was piloting a Cirrus SR22 in 2006 when she reported smoke in the cockpit over Kentucky. She deployed the aircraft's built-in parachute system, designed to lower the entire plane safely. The parachute failed to fully deploy. She crashed and died. She was 50. The parachute system had saved 30 lives before her flight. It didn't save hers.

2006

Maurice Grosse

Maurice Grosse investigated the Enfield Poltergeist case in 1977, recording furniture moving and children levitating in a North London council house. He'd turned to paranormal research after his daughter died in a motorcycle accident. He spent 30 years chasing proof of an afterlife. He never found certainty, just compelling recordings.

2006

Freddy Fender

Freddy Fender served three years in Angola Prison for marijuana possession in 1960. He was deported to Mexico after release despite being born in Texas. He came back, changed his name from Baldemar Huerta, and recorded "Before the Next Teardrop Falls" in English and Spanish simultaneously. It hit number one on both country and pop charts in 1975.

2006

Jared Anderson

Jared Anderson defined the crushing, technical precision of modern death metal through his work with Morbid Angel and Hate Eternal. His death at age 30 silenced a formidable bassist and vocalist who helped push the genre toward its most extreme, complex boundaries during the early 2000s.

2006

Alfred Hans Zoller, deutscher Komponist, Jazzpianist, Kantor und Organist

Alfred Hans Zoller, deutscher Komponist, Jazzpianist, Kantor und Organist

2006

Pranas Vaičekonis, litauischer Kirchenrechtler, Priester und Professor

Pranas Vaičekonis, litauischer Kirchenrechtler, Priester und Professor

2006

Fritz Manasse, deutscher Jurist

Fritz Manasse, deutscher Jurist

2007

Henry Ingberg, haut fonctionnaire belge (° 16 juillet 1945).

Henry Ingberg, haut fonctionnaire belge (° 16 juillet 1945).

2007

Philippe Malaud, diplomate et homme politique français (° 2 octobre 1925).

Philippe Malaud, diplomate et homme politique français (° 2 octobre 1925).

2007

Jeanlouis Cornuz, écrivain suisse (° 17 février 1922).

Jeanlouis Cornuz, écrivain suisse (° 17 février 1922).

2007

Big Moe

Big Moe popularized chopped and screwed music in Houston. He slowed down beats until they sounded underwater. He was 350 pounds. He had a heart attack at thirty-three. His voice was so deep and slow it sounded like the music itself. He died the same way he rapped: too slow, too soon.

2007

Big Moe, US-amerikanischer Rapper

Big Moe, US-amerikanischer Rapper

2007

André Maréchal, físico francés (n.

André Maréchal, físico francés (n. 1916).

2007

Raymond Pellegrin, actor francés (n.

Raymond Pellegrin, actor francés (n. 1925).

2007

Frances Rich, actriz y escultora estadounidense (n.

Frances Rich, actriz y escultora estadounidense (n. 1910).

2007

Sigrid Valdis, actriz estadounidense (n.

Sigrid Valdis, actriz estadounidense (n. 1935).

2007

Raymond Pellegrin

Raymond Pellegrin appeared in over 100 French films, usually playing tough guys, criminals, and soldiers. He was in "The Wages of Fear," one of the greatest thrillers ever made. He worked steadily for 50 years. He never became a star. French cinema has room for character actors who work forever without fame. He was one of them.

2008

Robert Furman

Robert Furman was a military intelligence officer who tracked Nazi atomic research during WWII, leading the Alsos Mission that seized uranium and scientists before the Soviets could. He helped ensure America's nuclear monopoly lasted just long enough. Then it didn't.

2008

Kazys Petkevičius

Kazys Petkevičius played basketball for the Soviet Union and won a silver medal at the 1952 Olympics. He was Lithuanian, but Lithuania didn't exist as an independent country. He played for the USSR. After retiring, he coached for 40 years. He died at 82. Lithuania was independent again by then. He never got to play for his own country.

2008

Barrington J. Bayley, escritor británico (n.

Barrington J. Bayley, escritor británico (n. 1937).

2008

Florence Brunet, actrice française (° 1er avril 1959).

Florence Brunet, actrice française (° 1er avril 1959).

2008

Pat Moss, piloto de rally inglesa (n.

Pat Moss, piloto de rally inglesa (n. 1934).

2008

Richard Cooey

Richard Cooey was executed in Ohio in 2008 for murdering two women in 1986. He argued that he was too obese for lethal injection to work properly, claiming his weight would make it cruel and unusual punishment. He weighed 267 pounds. The courts rejected his appeal. The execution took 20 minutes, twice as long as usual. His lawyers had been right about the veins.

2008

Terry Fox, US-amerikanischer Aktionskünstler, Maler und Bildhauer

Terry Fox, US-amerikanischer Aktionskünstler, Maler und Bildhauer

2009

Bruce Wasserstein, financier américain (° 25 décembre 1947).

Bruce Wasserstein, financier américain (° 25 décembre 1947).

2009

Simone Frost, deutsche Schauspielerin

Simone Frost, deutsche Schauspielerin

2009

Francis Muguet, chercheur français (° 30 avril 1955).

Francis Muguet, chercheur français (° 30 avril 1955).

2009

Lou Albano

Lou Albano managed wrestlers for 20 years, screaming at ringside with rubber bands in his beard. He claimed the rubber bands represented every tag team he'd managed to championship gold. He had 19 rubber bands. Then he appeared in Cyndi Lauper's "Girls Just Want to Have Fun" video as her father. MTV made him more famous than wrestling ever did.

2009

Martyn Sanderson

Martyn Sanderson played Gríma Wormtongue in Lord of the Rings, but he was New Zealand's most prolific stage actor for 40 years before that. He performed Shakespeare, directed plays, founded theater companies. He died at 71, having appeared in over 100 productions. One film role made him globally recognizable. Fifty years on stage didn't.

2009

Collin Wilcox

Collin Wilcox played Mayella Ewell in "To Kill a Mockingbird," the white woman who falsely accuses a Black man of rape. She was 29, playing 19. She acted for 40 more years, but every obituary led with Mayella. One role in one film defined her entire career. She spent four decades trying to escape it. She never did.

2009

Orfila Bardesio, uruguayische Dichterin

Orfila Bardesio, uruguayische Dichterin

2010

Hermann Scheer, homme politique allemand (° 29 avril 1944).

Hermann Scheer, homme politique allemand (° 29 avril 1944).

2010

Simon MacCorkindale

Simon MacCorkindale starred in "Manimal," a show about a man who could transform into animals. It lasted eight episodes. He spent the rest of his career trying to be taken seriously. He moved to England, did theater, produced films. He died of cancer at 58. His obituaries all mentioned "Manimal." You can't escape your worst decision.

2010

Constance Reid, US-amerikanische Autorin und Mathematikhistorikerin

Constance Reid, US-amerikanische Autorin und Mathematikhistorikerin

2010

Thomas Fuchsberger, deutscher Musiker und Autor

Thomas Fuchsberger, deutscher Musiker und Autor

2010

Benoit Mandelbrot

Benoit Mandelbrot discovered fractals—patterns that repeat at every scale, from coastlines to galaxies. He coined the term in 1975. Mathematicians dismissed his work as pictures, not proof. Then computers visualized his equations. Suddenly geometry had infinite detail. He was right.

2010

Benno Artmann, deutscher Mathematiker

Benno Artmann, deutscher Mathematiker

2010

Tadeusz Styczeń, polnischer Theologe

Tadeusz Styczeń, polnischer Theologe

2010

Larry Siegfried, basketteur américain (° 22 mai 1939).

Larry Siegfried, basketteur américain (° 22 mai 1939).

2010

Carla Del Poggio, actrice italienne, veuve du réalisateur Alberto Lattuada (° 2 décembre 1925).

Carla Del Poggio, actrice italienne, veuve du réalisateur Alberto Lattuada (° 2 décembre 1925).

2011

Laura Pollán, femme politique cubaine (° 13 février 1948).

Laura Pollán, femme politique cubaine (° 13 février 1948).

2011

Gunilla von Post, aristocrate suédoise (° 10 juillet 1932).

Gunilla von Post, aristocrate suédoise (° 10 juillet 1932).

2011

Leon Cakoff, crítico de cinema sírio (n.

Leon Cakoff, crítico de cinema sírio (n. 1948).

2011

Ashawna Hailey

Ashawna Hailey wrote code that made databases talk to each other, then used her money to fund scholarships for women in computer science. She died in 2011. The students she supported now outnumber the lines of code she wrote, which is exactly the exponential growth she would've wanted.

2011

Jorge Martínez Busch, almirante chileno (n.

Jorge Martínez Busch, almirante chileno (n. 1936).

2011

Reg Alcock

Reg Alcock served as a Canadian Cabinet minister and pushed for modernizing government technology. He championed digital record-keeping when most politicians still preferred paper. He died of a heart attack at 63 while still in office. His emails are archived. His paper trail is minimal. He would've appreciated the irony.

2012

Michael Asher, US-amerikanischer Konzeptkünstler

Michael Asher, US-amerikanischer Konzeptkünstler

2012

Kyle Bennett

Kyle Bennett won three BMX world championships and was training for the 2012 Olympics when he crashed during practice. He hit his head. He died three days later at 33. He'd spent his entire life on a bike. It killed him in a parking lot in Texas, not on a track, not in competition. Just practice.

2012

Larry Sloan

Larry Sloan co-founded Price Stern Sloan, the publisher behind Mad Libs. He turned a car game into a franchise that's sold 110 million copies. He also published Serendipity books and Wee Sing albums. He built a company on things parents bought to keep kids quiet. That market never shrinks.

2012

Kyle Bennett, cycliste de BMX américain (° 25 septembre 1979).

Kyle Bennett, cycliste de BMX américain (° 25 septembre 1979).

2012

Arlen Specter

Arlen Specter switched parties after 29 years as a Republican senator, becoming a Democrat to survive a primary challenge. He lost anyway. His vote passed Obamacare. Party loyalty is currency until it isn't. He spent it when it mattered.

2012

James R. Grover

James R. Grover Jr. served in Congress for 12 years representing Long Island. He was a Republican who supported civil rights and environmental protection. He lost his seat in 1974 during the post-Watergate Democratic wave. He was 55. He practiced law for 38 more years. The political career was a brief detour. The law practice was his life.

2012

José Luis Ortiz Araya, periodista y narrador costarricense (n.

José Luis Ortiz Araya, periodista y narrador costarricense (n. 1930).

2012

Marc Swayze

Marc Swayze drew the first Mary Marvel comic in 1942, co-creating one of the first female superheroes. He left comics after a few years, became a commercial artist, painted portraits. He died at 99, having outlived the Golden Age by 60 years. Mary Marvel is still being published. He'd stopped drawing her in 1945.

2012

Gart Westerhout

Gart Westerhout mapped the Milky Way's spiral structure using radio telescopes, revealing our galaxy's shape from inside it. He directed the U.S. Naval Observatory, tracking stars for navigation. Astronomy and navigation: both about knowing where you are in the dark.

2012

Dody Weston Thompson

Dody Weston Thompson was married to photographer Brett Weston and learned photography from Edward Weston, her father-in-law. She photographed for 70 years, mostly landscapes and still lifes. Her work was exhibited alongside the Westons, but she was always introduced as someone's wife or daughter-in-law. She outlived them both. Her photos hang in museums now, finally under her own name.

2012

Max Fatchen

Max Fatchen wrote children's books and newspaper columns for 50 years, all from Adelaide. He never left Australia, never chased fame, just wrote about cricket and kids and everyday life. He died at 92, having published his last book at 88. His readers were local. His books are still in print.

2012

John Clive

John Clive voiced John Lennon in Yellow Submarine, then spent 40 years as a character actor in British TV. He appeared in Doctor Who, wrote novels, narrated audiobooks. He died at 79, having worked steadily his entire life. One animated Beatles film gave him immortality. Everything else gave him a living.

2013

Max Cahner

Max Cahner was born in Germany, raised in Catalonia, and spent his life promoting Catalan language and culture. He was a historian and politician who served in the Catalan government. He wrote books on Catalan literature and fought for Catalan independence. He died at 77. Catalonia still isn't independent. The fight outlasted him.

2013

Kōichi Iijima

Kōichi Iijima wrote 114 books of poetry in his lifetime. He won the H-Prize, Japan's highest literary honor. He also wrote children's books and essays. He died at 83. Most of his work has never been translated into English. He's one of Japan's most celebrated poets, and you've probably never heard of him.

2013

Frank Moore

Frank Moore painted with his mouth. Cerebral palsy left him unable to use his hands. He held brushes in his teeth, created massive canvases about disability and AIDS and desire. He died at 66, having spent 40 years redefining what a painter could be. His work hangs in museums. His technique is still considered impossible.

2013

Bruno Metsu

Bruno Metsu coached Senegal to the quarterfinals of the 2002 World Cup, the greatest achievement in African football history. Senegal beat France in the opening game. France was the defending champion. Metsu became a hero in Senegal. He coached five more national teams but never replicated that success. He died of cancer at 59. One tournament defined everything.

2013

Wally Bell

Wally Bell umpired in Major League Baseball for 21 years. He worked the 2006 World Series and the 2013 All-Star Game. He called balls and strikes for 3,000 games. He died of a heart attack at 48, four months after the All-Star Game. He collapsed at his home in Ohio. Umpires are invisible until they're gone.

2013

Émile Boutin, historien français (° 1er novembre 1919).

Émile Boutin, historien français (° 1er novembre 1919).

2013

Toni Catany (Antoni Catany y Jaume dit), photographe espagnol (° 15 août 1942).

Toni Catany (Antoni Catany y Jaume dit), photographe espagnol (° 15 août 1942).

2013

Käty van der Mije-Nicolau

Käty van der Mije-Nicolau was born in Romania, moved to the Netherlands, and became a chess master. She competed in women's chess championships for 30 years. She never won a world title, never became a grandmaster. She taught chess to children and wrote books on chess tactics. She died at 73. Her students remember her. The chess world doesn't.

2013

José Borello, futbolista argentino (n.

José Borello, futbolista argentino (n. 1929).

2013

Bob Elliott

Bob Elliott served as mayor of Fredericton, New Brunswick, for 18 years. He was mayor longer than most people stay in one job. He focused on infrastructure: roads, water systems, sewage treatment. Boring stuff. Necessary stuff. He died at 86. The roads he paved are still there. Nobody remembers who paved them.

2014

Isaiah "Ikey" Owens

Isaiah "Ikey" Owens defined the experimental sound of The Mars Volta, blending jazz-fusion sensibilities with aggressive progressive rock. His sudden death in Mexico while touring with Jack White silenced a restless, genre-defying talent who pushed keyboard synthesis into new, chaotic territories. He remains a primary influence for modern musicians seeking to bridge electronic textures and improvisational rock.

2014

Miguel Ángel Marín, político español (n.

Miguel Ángel Marín, político español (n. 1939).

2014

Marcello Argilli, italienischer Rechtsanwalt, Journalist, Schriftsteller, Kinderbuchautor und Comicautor

Marcello Argilli, italienischer Rechtsanwalt, Journalist, Schriftsteller, Kinderbuchautor und Comicautor

2014

Encke

Encke was a racehorse born in America, trained in England, and died after five years of racing. Horses don't live long in the racing world. Encke won one Group 1 race and earned £380,000. Then he was retired to stud. He died of colic at age five before he could produce any offspring. His racing career outlasted his breeding career.

2014

A. H. Halsey

A. H. Halsey spent 60 years studying British social mobility, documenting how class shaped opportunity. Born in 1923, he was a sociologist at Oxford who proved what everyone suspected — Britain's class system was alive and well. He died in 2014. He'd spent his career measuring inequality with data the elite couldn't dismiss. The numbers didn't lie. The system didn't change. Evidence and change are different things.

2014

Leonard Liggio

Leonard Liggio taught libertarian history and theory for 50 years, arguing for free markets and against state power. He advised think tanks, published journals, mentored activists. Ideological movements need intellectuals who'll do the boring work: editing, organizing, teaching. He did it.

2014

Elizabeth Peña

Elizabeth Peña played the mom in 'Lone Star,' the wife in 'La Bamba,' and the voice of Mirage in 'The Incredibles.' She worked for 40 years, 70 films, always the supporting role. She died at 55 of alcohol-related illness. You've seen her face a hundred times and might not remember her name. That's most acting careers.

2015

Mathieu Kérékou

Mathieu Kérékou took power in Benin in a 1972 coup and declared the country Marxist-Leninist. He ruled for 19 years, then lost the 1991 election. He won again in 1996 and served two more terms. He was a devout Christian who'd converted while in power. He died at 82 from heart problems. He'd ruled Benin for 30 years total.

2015

Marie Moscovici, französische Psychoanalytikerin, Holocaustüberlebende

Marie Moscovici, französische Psychoanalytikerin, Holocaustüberlebende

2015

Josef Wolfsegger, österreichischer Politiker

Josef Wolfsegger, österreichischer Politiker

2015

Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani

Radhakrishna Tahiliani became Chief of Naval Staff of India in 1984. He commanded the fleet during a period of modernization, bringing in new submarines and carriers. He was 85 when he died, decades after leaving the sea.

2015

Nurlan Balgimbayev

Nurlan Balgimbayev ran Kazakhstan's oil industry before becoming Prime Minister in 1997. He lasted 14 months. The job crushed him between Moscow's old guard and Western oil companies fighting over Caspian reserves worth billions. He resigned, went back to energy consulting, and died at 67. Kazakhstan is now one of the world's top 15 oil producers.

2015

Margaret Keyes

Margaret Keyes was 97 when she died, having spent seven decades studying textiles. She catalogued fabrics nobody else thought worth saving—quilts, coverlets, everyday cloth. Her archive preserved what people actually wore, not just what museums collected.

2016

José Lello, homme politique portugais (° 18 mai 1944).

José Lello, homme politique portugais (° 18 mai 1944).

2016

Orival Pessini, ator e humorista brasileiro (n.

Orival Pessini, ator e humorista brasileiro (n. 1944).

2016

Song Yeong, écrivain sud-coréen (° 15 mars 1940).

Song Yeong, écrivain sud-coréen (° 15 mars 1940).

2016

Duška Sifnios, danseuse yougoslave puis macédonienne (° 15 octobre 1933).

Duška Sifnios, danseuse yougoslave puis macédonienne (° 15 octobre 1933).

2016

Thom Jones, écrivain américain (° 26 janvier 1945).

Thom Jones, écrivain américain (° 26 janvier 1945).

2016

Pierre Étaix, acteur, clown, réalisateur et dramaturge français (° 23 novembre 1928).

Pierre Étaix, acteur, clown, réalisateur et dramaturge français (° 23 novembre 1928).

2016

Kathryn Adams Doty, actrice américaine (° 15 juillet 1932).

Kathryn Adams Doty, actrice américaine (° 15 juillet 1932).

2016

Helen Kelly

Helen Kelly led New Zealand's trade union movement for six years, fighting for worker safety until she was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer. She kept organizing from her hospital bed. She died at 52, still pushing for asbestos regulation.

2017

Lazhar Bououni, juriste, professeur d'université, diplomate et homme politique tunisien (° 2 avril 1948).

Lazhar Bououni, juriste, professeur d'université, diplomate et homme politique tunisien (° 2 avril 1948).

2017

Wolfgang Bötsch, homme politique allemand (° 8 septembre 1938).

Wolfgang Bötsch, homme politique allemand (° 8 septembre 1938).

2017

Daniel Webb, joueur de baseball américain (° 18 août 1989).

Daniel Webb, joueur de baseball américain (° 18 août 1989).

2017

Daniel Webb

Daniel Webb pitched in the majors for three seasons, posting a 4.95 ERA across 96 games. He was 28 when he died in an ATV accident in Kentucky. He'd been out of baseball for two years, trying to make it back to the minors. He never made it. The comeback ended in a field, not a stadium.

2017

Richard Wilbur, poète américain (° 1er mars 1921).

Richard Wilbur, poète américain (° 1er mars 1921).

2017

Yambo Ouologuem, écrivain malien (° 22 août 1940).

Yambo Ouologuem, écrivain malien (° 22 août 1940).

2017

Roger de Lageneste, pilote de rallyes français (° 30 décembre 1929).

Roger de Lageneste, pilote de rallyes français (° 30 décembre 1929).

2018

Mel Ramos, pintor estadounidense (n.

Mel Ramos, pintor estadounidense (n. 1935).

2018

Wolfgang Krueger, deutscher Politiker

Wolfgang Krueger, deutscher Politiker

2018

Enrique Baliño Pavón (90), baloncestista uruguayo (n.

Enrique Baliño Pavón (90), baloncestista uruguayo (n. 1928).

2018

Eduardo Arroyo, pintor español (n.

Eduardo Arroyo, pintor español (n. 1937).

2018

Patrick Baumann, dirigente de baloncesto suizo (n.

Patrick Baumann, dirigente de baloncesto suizo (n. 1967).

2018

Milena Dravić (78), actriz y directora de cine serbia (n.

Milena Dravić (78), actriz y directora de cine serbia (n. 1940).

2018

Javier Gnecco, actor y odontólogo colombiano (n.

Javier Gnecco, actor y odontólogo colombiano (n. 1938).

2019

Anke Fuchs, deutsche Politikerin

Anke Fuchs, deutsche Politikerin

2019

Danny Grant, kanadischer Eishockeyspieler und -trainer

Danny Grant, kanadischer Eishockeyspieler und -trainer

2019

Sulli

Sulli left the K-pop group f(x) in 2015 after years of online harassment. She kept acting and posting unfiltered photos on social media—radical in an industry built on perfection. She spoke openly about mental health. She was found dead at 25. The industry hasn't changed.

2019

Harold Bloom

Harold Bloom read everything. He claimed to have memorized Paradise Lost, could recite Hart Crane by heart, taught at Yale for 50 years. He championed the Western canon against multiculturalism, called it the best humanity had made. He wrote 40 books. Critics said he was elitist. He said he was right. His students kept reading what he assigned.

2019

Ryszard Zaorski, acteur polonais de théâtre, de cinéma et de télévision.

Ryszard Zaorski, acteur polonais de théâtre, de cinéma et de télévision. (° 27 mars 1928).

2019

Germán Bannen, arquitecto y urbanista chileno (n.

Germán Bannen, arquitecto y urbanista chileno (n. 1928).

2019

Patricio Bisso, actor argentino (n.

Patricio Bisso, actor argentino (n. 1957).

2019

Carlos Torres Manzo, político mexicano (n.

Carlos Torres Manzo, político mexicano (n. 1923).

2019

Mike Brockman, US-amerikanischer Unternehmer und Automobilrennfahrer

Mike Brockman, US-amerikanischer Unternehmer und Automobilrennfahrer

2020

William Keir Carr, militar y aviador canadiense (n.

William Keir Carr, militar y aviador canadiense (n. 1923).

2020

Españeta, utillero de fútbol español (n.

Españeta, utillero de fútbol español (n. 1938).

2020

Fred Dean, jugador de fútbol americano estadounidense (n.

Fred Dean, jugador de fútbol americano estadounidense (n. 1952).

2020

Herbert Kretzmer, südafrikanischer Liedtexter

Herbert Kretzmer, südafrikanischer Liedtexter

2020

Rhonda Fleming, actriz de cine y televisión estadounidense (n.

Rhonda Fleming, actriz de cine y televisión estadounidense (n. 1923).

2020

Kuniwo Nakamura, político palauano, Presidente de Palaos entre 1993 y 2001 (n.

Kuniwo Nakamura, político palauano, Presidente de Palaos entre 1993 y 2001 (n. 1943).

2020

Raúl Portal, periodista y conductor de radio y televisión argentino (n.

Raúl Portal, periodista y conductor de radio y televisión argentino (n. 1939).

2020

Horacio Salas, escritor, poeta, ensayista e historiador argentino (n.

Horacio Salas, escritor, poeta, ensayista e historiador argentino (n. 1938).

2020

Mahmoud Yassine, actor egipcio (n.

Mahmoud Yassine, actor egipcio (n. 1941).

2021

سيف مرزوق الشملان، مؤرخ وإذاعي كويتي.

سيف مرزوق الشملان، مؤرخ وإذاعي كويتي.

2021

خالد الصديق، مخرج سينمائي وكاتب سيناريو كويتي.

خالد الصديق، مخرج سينمائي وكاتب سيناريو كويتي.

2021

Raymond Setlakwe, avocat, entrepreneur et homme politique canadien (° 3 juillet 1928).

Raymond Setlakwe, avocat, entrepreneur et homme politique canadien (° 3 juillet 1928).

2021

Susagna Arasanz, femme politique andorrane, ministre des finances (° 1960).

Susagna Arasanz, femme politique andorrane, ministre des finances (° 1960).

2021

Lee Wan-koo

Lee Wan-koo served as South Korea's Prime Minister for exactly 70 days before resigning over a corruption scandal. He'd been accused of taking bribes years earlier. The allegations resurfaced. He stepped down, was investigated, and died of a heart attack six years later at 71.

2022

Mariana Nicolesco, soprano rumana (n.

Mariana Nicolesco, soprano rumana (n. 1948).

2022

Alexandros Nikolaidis, deportista griego de taekwondo (n.

Alexandros Nikolaidis, deportista griego de taekwondo (n. 1979).

2022

César Nombela, científico español (n.

César Nombela, científico español (n. 1946).

2022

Raymond Argentin, französischer Kanute

Raymond Argentin, französischer Kanute

2022

Yoshiki Hiki, japanischer Ruderer und Chirurg

Yoshiki Hiki, japanischer Ruderer und Chirurg

2022

Ted White, actor estadounidense (n.

Ted White, actor estadounidense (n. 1926).

2022

Kay Parker, actriz pornográfica y consejera espiritual británica (n.

Kay Parker, actriz pornográfica y consejera espiritual británica (n. 1944).

2022

Lola Daviet, jeune fille assassinée (° 18 juillet 2010).

Lola Daviet, jeune fille assassinée (° 18 juillet 2010).

2022

Robbie Coltrane

Robbie Coltrane was a bouncer, then an art student, then a comedian who took his stage name from a jazz saxophonist. He played Hagrid in eight Harry Potter films, filmed while fighting osteoarthritis so severe he needed a wheelchair between takes. He never told the producers how much pain he was in. The kids never knew.

2022

Roberto Vencato, italienischer Regattasegler

Roberto Vencato, italienischer Regattasegler

2022

Ralf Wolter, deutscher Schauspieler

Ralf Wolter, deutscher Schauspieler

2022

Stanislav Kropilák, baloncestista eslovaco (n.

Stanislav Kropilák, baloncestista eslovaco (n. 1955).

2023

Carlos Leresche, auteur-compositeur franco-suisse (° 28 octobre 1935).

Carlos Leresche, auteur-compositeur franco-suisse (° 28 octobre 1935).

2023

Hédy Attouch, mathématicien fran��ais (° 16 février 1949).

Hédy Attouch, mathématicien fran��ais (° 16 février 1949).

2023

Gastón Ugalde, artista plástico boliviano (n.

Gastón Ugalde, artista plástico boliviano (n. 1944).

2023

Dariush Mehrjui, director, guionista, productor y montador cinematográfico iraní (n.

Dariush Mehrjui, director, guionista, productor y montador cinematográfico iraní (n. 1939).

2023

Piper Laurie, actriz estadounidense (n.

Piper Laurie, actriz estadounidense (n. 1932).

2023

Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller, historiador alemán (n.

Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller, historiador alemán (n. 1950).

2023

Carlos Defeo, actor argentino (n.

Carlos Defeo, actor argentino (n. 1965).

2023

María Casal Wismer, médica, fisióloga, ginecóloga y profesora universitaria suiza (n.

María Casal Wismer, médica, fisióloga, ginecóloga y profesora universitaria suiza (n. 1929).

2023

María Alejandra Bruzual, yoqueta venezolana (n.

María Alejandra Bruzual, yoqueta venezolana (n. 1980).

2023

Andrew Bean, golfista estadounidense (n.

Andrew Bean, golfista estadounidense (n. 1953).

2023

Rosetta Cutolo, mafieuse italienne (° 1er janvier 1937).

Rosetta Cutolo, mafieuse italienne (° 1er janvier 1937).

2023

René Serge Larouche, homme politique canadien (° 27 février 1944).

René Serge Larouche, homme politique canadien (° 27 février 1944).

2023

Guy Latraverse, producteur de télévision, promoteur de musique et homme d'affaires canadien (° 5 juillet 1939).

Guy Latraverse, producteur de télévision, promoteur de musique et homme d'affaires canadien (° 5 juillet 1939).

2024

Gonzalo Gómez Sáenz-López, futbolista español (n.

Gonzalo Gómez Sáenz-López, futbolista español (n. 1990).

2024

Stefan Jakobielski, historiador, arqueólogo, filólogo y epigrafista polaco (n.

Stefan Jakobielski, historiador, arqueólogo, filólogo y epigrafista polaco (n. 1937).

2024

Jaime Cano, futbolista español (n.

Jaime Cano, futbolista español (n. 1946).

2024

Rafik Ben Salah, écrivain tunisien et suisse (° 31 mars 1948).

Rafik Ben Salah, écrivain tunisien et suisse (° 31 mars 1948).

2024

Philip Zimbardo

Philip Zimbardo randomly assigned college students to be prisoners or guards in a fake jail in 1971. The experiment was supposed to last two weeks. He stopped it after six days because the guards had become sadistic and the prisoners were breaking down. He spent 50 years defending and reanalyzing what happened in that Stanford basement.

2024

Janet Nelson

Janet Nelson spent decades studying Charlemagne's court records, translating Latin charters that most historians skipped. She found women ruling estates, negotiating treaties, commanding armies. She died in 2024, having rewritten early medieval history by reading what was always there.

2024

Tina Kaidanow

Tina Kaidanow served as U.S. Ambassador to Kosovo and held senior State Department posts for 30 years. She helped shape American policy in the Balkans after the Yugoslav Wars. She worked on some of the messiest diplomatic problems of the post-Cold War era. She died at 59.

2024

Maxym Petrenko, deportista ucraniano (n.

Maxym Petrenko, deportista ucraniano (n. 1978).

2024

Lorenzo Pepe, sindicalista y político argentino (n.

Lorenzo Pepe, sindicalista y político argentino (n. 1931).

2024

Teresa Nowak, atleta olímpica polaca (n.

Teresa Nowak, atleta olímpica polaca (n. 1942).

2024

Rieko Nakagawa, écrivaine et parolière japonaise (° 29 septembre 1935).

Rieko Nakagawa, écrivaine et parolière japonaise (° 29 septembre 1935).

2024

Umberto Grano, pilote automobile italien (° 13 avril 1940).

Umberto Grano, pilote automobile italien (° 13 avril 1940).

2024

Keizō Murase, costumier, cascadeur, sculpteur, modéliste et réalisateur de cinéma japonais (° 5 octobre 1933).

Keizō Murase, costumier, cascadeur, sculpteur, modéliste et réalisateur de cinéma japonais (° 5 octobre 1933).

2024

Richard Conroy, homme d'affaires et politique irlandais (° 12 septembre 1933).

Richard Conroy, homme d'affaires et politique irlandais (° 12 septembre 1933).

2024

Andrei Filotti, ingénieur hydroénergéticien roumain (° 27 octobre 1930).

Andrei Filotti, ingénieur hydroénergéticien roumain (° 27 octobre 1930).

2024

Thomas J. Donohue

Thomas Donohue ran the U.S. Chamber of Commerce for 21 years, longer than anyone in its history. He turned it from a sleepy trade group into a lobbying force that spent over $1.6 billion influencing policy. He died in 2024. The organization he built still outspends every other lobbying group in America.

2024

Barbara Owen, organiste américaine (° 25 janvier 1933).

Barbara Owen, organiste américaine (° 25 janvier 1933).

2025

Roberta Alexander, artiste lyrique américaine (° 3 mars 1949).

Roberta Alexander, artiste lyrique américaine (° 3 mars 1949).

2025

Chosen Few, producteur et disc jockey néerlandais (° 5 février 1972).

Chosen Few, producteur et disc jockey néerlandais (° 5 février 1972).

2025

Drexel Gomez, ecclésiastique anglican bahaméen (° 24 janvier 1937).

Drexel Gomez, ecclésiastique anglican bahaméen (° 24 janvier 1937).

2025

Daniel Hoeffel, homme politique français (° 23 janvier 1929).

Daniel Hoeffel, homme politique français (° 23 janvier 1929).

2025

Penelope Milford, actrice américaine (° 23 mars 1948).

Penelope Milford, actrice américaine (° 23 mars 1948).

2025

Nasser Taghvai, director de cine y guionista iraní (n.

Nasser Taghvai, director de cine y guionista iraní (n. 1941).

2025

Aleksandr Ditiatin, gimnasta artístico ruso (n.

Aleksandr Ditiatin, gimnasta artístico ruso (n. 1957).

2025

D'Angelo, cantante, compositor, músico y productor discográfico estadounidense (n.

D'Angelo, cantante, compositor, músico y productor discográfico estadounidense (n. 1974).

2025

Sepp Schramm, deutscher Eishockeytorwart

Sepp Schramm, deutscher Eishockeytorwart

2025

Nancy Chodorow, US-amerikanische Soziologin, Psychoanalytikerin und Feministin

Nancy Chodorow, US-amerikanische Soziologin, Psychoanalytikerin und Feministin

2025

Luc Ayang, homme d'État camerounais (° 1947).

Luc Ayang, homme d'État camerounais (° 1947).