Historical Figure
John Adams
1735–1826
Founding Father, U.S. president from 1797 to 1801
Talk to John Adams
Have a conversation with this historical figure through AI
Biography
John Adams was a Founding Father and the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency, he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain. During the latter part of the Revolutionary War and in the early years of the new nation, he served the Continental Congress of the United States as a senior diplomat in Europe. Adams was the first person to hold the office of vice president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. He was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with important contemporaries, including his wife and advisor Abigail Adams and his friend and rival Thomas Jefferson.
In Their Own Words (5)
There is danger from all men. The only maxim of a free government ought to be to trust no man living with power to endanger the public liberty.
Notes for an oration at Braintree (Spring 1772) , 1772
The Christian religion is, above all the religions that ever prevailed or existed in ancient or modern times, the religion of wisdom, virtue, equity, and humanity, let the blackguard Paine say what he will; it is resignation to God, it is goodness itself to man.
Diary entry (26 July 1796) , 1796
Children should be educated and instructed in the principles of freedom.
Ch. 3 Marchamont Nedham: Errors of Government and Rules of Policy" Seventh Rule , 1787
There is, in the human Breast, a social Affection, which extends to our whole Species.
Letter to Abigail Adams (19 October 1775). Reprinted in I ADAMS FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE 318 (L. Butterfield ed. 1963). , 1775
All the perplexities, confusions, and distresses in America arise, not from defects in their constitution or confederation, not from a want of honor or virtue, so much as from downright ignorance of the nature of coin, credit, and circulation.
Letter to Thomas Jefferson (23 August 1787), The Works of John Adams. , 1787
Timeline
The story of John Adams, told in moments.
Defends the British soldiers charged with murder after the Boston Massacre. Everyone hates the British. Adams takes the case anyway. "Facts are stubborn things," he tells the jury. He wins acquittals for six of the eight. His law practice suffers. He does it because he believes in the right to counsel. He is 34.
Serves on the committee that drafts the Declaration of Independence and becomes its primary advocate in Congress. Jefferson writes it but Adams argues for it. He predicts July 2 will be "the most memorable epoch in the history of America." He's off by two days.
Inaugurated as the second president. His vice president is Thomas Jefferson, who also happens to be the leader of the opposing party. The entire presidency is consumed by the threat of war with France and internal party warfare. He signs the Alien and Sedition Acts. He avoids war. His own party, led by Hamilton, undermines him at every turn.
Becomes the first president to live in the White House. Loses reelection to Jefferson and leaves Washington before dawn on Inauguration Day without attending the ceremony. He and Jefferson don't speak for 12 years.
Dies at home in Quincy, Massachusetts, on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. His last words, reportedly: "Thomas Jefferson survives." Jefferson had actually died a few hours earlier at Monticello, but Adams didn't know.
Artifacts (15)
John Adams
Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin
The Moon
John Adams Whipple|James Wallace Black
The Moon
John Adams Whipple|James Wallace Black
The Moon
John Adams Whipple|James Wallace Black
[Rev. Mr. Frederick T. Gray and Deacons of Old Bullfinch Street Church]
John Adams Whipple
[Cornelius Conway Felton with His Hat and Coat]
John Adams Whipple
More from the Industrial Revolution
Explore what happened on the days that shaped John Adams's life. Today In History connects historical figures with the events, births, and deaths that defined their era. Browse all historical figures or explore today's events.